AbstrakCandida albicans adalah salah satu jamur yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi candidiasis. Salah satu bahan obat alami dari ekstrak tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur adalah ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur daun mangga terhadap C. albicans, penentuan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari ekstrak tersebut yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Daun mangga diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak metanol daun mangga yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji aktivitas antijamur terhadap C. albicans dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Setelah diketahui aktivitasnya, ekstrak metanol daun mangga kemudian ditentukan konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) dan diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya dengan uji fitokimia. Hasil ekstraksi daun mangga dengan pelarut metanol menghasilkan ekstrak metanol dengan rendemen 10,55% (b/b) dan menghasilkan aktivitas antijamur dengan zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm dengan zona hambat 8,12 mm. KHTM ekstrak metanol daun mangga terhadap C. albicans yaitu pada konsentrasi 65 ppm dengan zona hambat sebesar 0,64 mm. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun mangga menunjukkan adanya senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, stereoid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin. Kata kunci : Antijamur, Candida albicans, KHTM, Mangifera indica L. AbstractCandida albicans is one of the fungal which causes infection. The treatment of fungal infection topical medicinesemi-synthetic can create resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to find natural medicine from potential herbal extract as antifungal to overcome the problem. Mango leaves is one of the potential herbal. The research was aimed to determine antifungalsmango leaves activities to C. albicans, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and identifythe active chemical compoundsgroupof the extract as antifungal.Mango leaves were extracted by maceration using methanol. Methanol extract was tested for its antifungal activity toward C. albicans showed by highest antifungals activity then determined Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), tested secondary metabolite compounds content using phytochemical test.The extraction result of mango leaves with methanol was resulted the methanol extract with a yield of 10,55% (w/w) and

One of the plants which are efficacious as antibacterial is the soursop leaves. Soursop leaves were extracted by maceration using n-hexane. The extract was evaporated using rotary evaporator. Soursop leaves extract was then formulated in a gel dosage form. This study aims toformulate hand sanitizer from soursop leaves extract based on Growing Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of n-hexaneextract of soursop leaves, and to know the evaluation result of gel dosage with the active substance of soursop leaves extract. Testing of physical properties of the gel includes organoleptic test, dispersive power test, homogeneity, pH, and consistency test. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a diffusion method. The evaluation of the gel showed SNI standards which wereable for topical use. The organoleptic test resultedthat the dosage is odorless, transparent and gel. Homogeneity test resulted that all gel dosage concentrations are homogenous. The pH tests at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm respectively are 5.38 to 6.22; 5.48 to 6.28; and from 5.29 to 5.90. The dispersive power test resulted for 6.47 to 7 cm; 6.20 to 6.87 cm; and 6.09 to 6.59 cm. The consistency test resulted that all gel dosages are consistent in gel form.Gel dosage with extract concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm can inhibit the growth of bacteria P. acne with antibacterial activity of 3.53; 3.26 and 2.20 mm.

Enzyme immobilizations were widely used to increase their shelf life which is essential for the world’s industries. Therefore, amylase immobilized using Na-alginate as a matrix is necessary optimized and characterized. The parameters measured in the optimization of immobilization are the determination of the concentration of sodium alginate and contact time. Characterizations were conducted to determine the optimum concentration of substrate, the value Vmax, Michaelis-Menten constant (KM), pH, temperature, incubation time, and test reuse. The process of immobilized amylase activity test was performed in a continuous flow system using a reactor, and its sugar levels were determined using the Dinitro Salisilat Method (DNS). The results reveal that the immobilized amylase commercial has optimum concentration of Na-alginate of 5% (w/v) and contact time of 90 minutes with an immobilization efficiency value of 43.02%. Furthermore, the immobilized amylase has optimum activity at substrate concentrations of 3.5% (w/v), pH 4, incubation temperature of 40 °C, and a reaction time of 20 minutes with the value of the activity of 2760.4 U / mL. KM value of free amylase and immobilized amylase row are 0.18 mM and 0.15 mM, repectively. The value of KM immobilized amylase is smaller than the free enzyme. It proves that the immobilized amylase has a high affinity for the substrate. The immobilized amylase can be used up to 12 times with a value of the residual activity of 56.7%.

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A wide variety of flora can be found and can be used, as a medicinal plant. Medicinal plants are a majorsource of new chemical compounds discovery with therapeutic effects. One of the plants that can be used as a medicinal plant is a cambodia plant (Plumeria alba L cv. Acutifolia). Cambodia plants including theApocynaceae family. Cambodia is a traditional crop plants that are reported to have various properties,including its leaves as a laxative, itching and antibacterial, fruit and bark reported anti-inflammatory effect.The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of cambodia leaves as antibacterial, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Growth (KHTM) of cambodia leaf extract which has the highest inhibitoryactivity and determine what class of chemical compounds contained in extracts of cambodia leaves which hasthe highest antibacterial activity . Research results showed that the leaf extract of cambodia leaves with 1000 ppm can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Concentration of 30 ppm is the lowest concentration thatcould inhibit the growth of S. aureus with inhibition zone of 1.3 mm. Analysis of FT-IR spectrophotometer,the ethanol leaves extract of the cambodia have functional group of C-H sp3 (methyl) (methyl), C-C, C = Calkenes aliphatic, OH and CO.

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Treatment of bacterial infectious diseases using semi-synthetic antibiotics can lead to resistance, so as to overcome it necessary to search for natural ingredients from plant extracts that has potential as an antibacterial, one of which is the leaf extract of soursop (Annona muricata L.). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of soursop leaf against E. coli and identify groups most active chemical compounds from the extracts. Soursop leaves extracted by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity using the diffusion method. Extract with the highest activity determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations grow (MIC) and tested the content of secondary metabolites with phytochemical test, subsequently identified using IR spectrophotometer. Soursop leaves with extraction solvent n-hexane, chloroform and methanol to produce n-hexane extract (E1), the chloroform extract (E2), and the methanol extract (E3) with a yield respectively 0.82%; 5.21%; 8.2% and produce antibacterial activity with consecutive inhibition zone of 3.52 mm; 8.34 mm; 3.00 mm. MIC of soursop leaf chloroform extract of the E. coli bacteria that is at a concentration of 1 ppm with inhibition zone of 3.23 mm. Based on the test results phytochemical soursop leaf chloroform extract showed the presence of compounds alkaloids, steroids, saponins and tannins. IR spectrophotometer identification results showed that the chloroform extract of the leaves of the soursop has functional groups OH, aliphatic C-H, C = O, C = C aromatic, CH3, C-O ether and C-H outside the field.

ABSTRAKStaphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli adalah bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi. Umumnya masyarakat dalam mengobati penyakit infeksi terhadap bakteri sering menggunakan antibiotik, namun apabila digunakan secara berlebihan dan kurang terarah dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya resistensi. Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan pencarian bahan alami sebagai alternatif pengobatan, salah satunya yaitu minyak atsiri daun pala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri daun pala dari Banyumas terhadap S. aereus dan E. coli serta mengidentifikasi senyawa penyusunnya. Minyak atsiri dari serbuk daun pala kering diisolasi menggunakan metode destilasi air. Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh diuji sifat fisik dan dilakukan identifikasi senyawa penyusunnya menggunakan GC-MS. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum (KHTM) terhadap S. aereus dan E. coli. Rendemen minyak atsiri daun pala yang diperoleh sebesar 1,34%. Minyak atsiri ini berwarna kuning pucat, berbau khas minyak pala dengan indeks bias sebesar 1,4779 dan bobot jenis sebesar 0,8862 g/cm 3 . Minyak atsiri daun pala diketahui memiliki 33 komponen kimia dan 5 komponen kimia terbesarnya adalah sabinene, terpinene-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinene, and β-phellandrene. Minyak atsiri daun pala terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dengan KHTM pada konsentrasi minyak atsiri 3,125% menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 16,81 mm dan terhadap E. coli dengan KHTM pada konsentrasi minyak atsiri 1% menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 0,54 mm.