The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 26 million individuals and caused 871,166 deaths globally. Various countries are racing against time to find a vaccine for controlling the rapid transmission of infection. The selection of antigen targets to trigger an immune response is crucial for vaccine development strategies. The receptor binding domain of the subunit of spike 1 protein is considered a promising vaccine candidate because of its ability to prevent attachment and infection of host cells by stimulating neutralizing antibodies. The vaccine is expected to mount a sufficient immunogenic response to eliminate the virus and store antigenic information in memory cells for long-term protection. Here, we review the ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines and discuss the immune responses in patients administered an adequate dosage to prevent COVID-19.

Background:  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emerging disease that has become pandemic. Healthcare workers are vulnerable persons due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Healthcare workers are a government priority in the COVID-19 vaccine program. Antibody titer evaluation to healthcare workers as the first liner is essential due to the risk of the job. Purposes: The study aims to assess IgG antibody humoral response in healthcare workers in the emergency unit of Anton Soedjarwo Hospital, Pontianak, before and after the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cohort method. Twenty-two healthcare workers in the Emergency Unit in Anton Soedjarwo Hospital, Pontianak, participated in the study. Three ml venous blood samples were collected from the participants in two periods to quantify IgG antibody titer. The first period was before the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and the second period was one month after the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) methods were used to quantification IgG antibodies against spike-receptor binding domain (S-RBD) protein of SARS-CoV-2 Results: One month before the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, the majority of IgG antibodies show seropositivity (90.91%), with most on range 50-10,000 AU/ml (54.55%). Two participants (9.09%) show IgG antibodies less than 50 AU/ml (seronegative). One month after the third vaccination dose, all participants (100%) elicit IgG antibodies. Based on the comparison of IgG antibody titer before and after the third dose of the vaccine, the majority (68.18%) showed increasing the IgG antibody titer after the third vaccine.  Conclusion: The third dose vaccine might effectively elevate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Diabetic patients are associated with a higher risk of infection. The research purposed to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns among diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in Pontianak. An experimental study was performed for 13 bacterial isolates of diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in the Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. The disc diffusion method was used to perform the susceptibility of antibiotics to the bacterial isolates. Among 13 isolates, the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (53.85%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.77%). Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes were 7.69%. Most isolates of bacteria of the study had a high sensitivity to Cefepime (92.31%), then followed by Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Meropenem for 84.62%. The study revealed low sensitivity of bacteria to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (30.77%, 23.08 %, 23.08%, 23.08%, respectively). All bacterial isolates had high resistance to Ampicillin. Moreover, multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, diabetes, urinary tract infections

Penderita penyakit Covid-19 terus bertambah di seluruh dunia hingga saat ini. Tercatat pada Oktober 2020 terlaporkan sekitar 20.369.778 kasus dan 948.795 kasus meninggal dunia. Kejadian di Indonesia hingga saat ini penderita yang terkonfirmasi positif pada oktober 2020 tercatat 344.749 orang. Pada kondisi memburuk seperti ini, WHO telah mendorong negara-negara  untuk mengembangkan vaksin untuk menangani penyakit covid-19 ini. Keresahan masyarakat mengenai informasi vaksin yang diterima dapat mempengaruhi persepsinya terhadap vaksin covid-19, Pendekatan promosi Kesehatan berbasis keluarga bisa menjadi solusi untuk memberikan informasi terbaik tentang vaksin covid-19 di masyarakat, khususnya pada lingkup kecil di tiap keluarga. Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan berbasis keluarga terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat tentang vaksin covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan pendekatan Pre and Post Test dengan metode nonequivalent control group design melibatkan 100 responden dari masyarakat di wilayah kecamatan pontianak barat – kalimantan barat, menggunakan instrumen materi edukasi dan kuesioner pengetahuan dan sikap tentang vaksin covid-19. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa edukasi berbasis keluarga berpengaruh lebih efektif terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap vaksinasi Covid-19 dibandingkan dengan edukasi yang diberikan secara publik atau menggunakan media massa

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter bakteri Gram negatif endofit tanaman kunyit yang memiliki kemampuan Quorum Quenching (QQ). Metode: Bakteri Gram negatif endofit tanaman kunyit diisolasi, dimurnikan, dan disubkultur pada media NA dengan metode cawan gores. Uji QQ dilakukan dengan metode disc diffusion untuk mengukur pembentukan zona hambat pada bakteri uji Chromobacterium violaceum. Bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan QQ dikarakterisasi berdasarkan morfologi koloni, morfologi sel dan aktivitas biokimia. Hasil: Sebanyak 21 isolat bakteri endofit berhasil diisolasi dan dimurnikan dari tanaman kunyit dan 14 isolat diantaranya merupakan bakteri Gram negatif. Semua isolat bakteri Gram negatif endofit memiliki kemampuan QQ yang berkisar antara 6,5-13,5 mm. Satu isolat yang memiliki kemampuan QQ paling besar adalah isolat 6 dengan hasil identifikasi termasuk ke dalam genus Pseudomonas. Simpulan:Bakteri Gram negatif endofit tanaman kunyit yang memiliki kemampuan QQ paling potensial adalah genus Pseudomonas.