RESUMO:A caracterização anatômica, física, mecânica e química da madeira fornece informações importantes para sua melhor utilização. Contudo, para que madeiras se tornem boa opção para o mercado de pisos, adicionalmente é necessária a realização de ensaios que simulem suas reais condições em serviço. Esses ensaios simulam o pisoteio executado pelos sapatos de salto com pequenas áreas de pressão, o arraste e a queda de objetos, a resistência à abrasão da superfície e o atrito oferecido durante o deslocamento de pessoas que caminham sobre ele. Grande dificuldade da seleção de novas madeiras para pisos está na ausência de valores de referência físico-mecânicos. O presente trabalho visou a caracterizar as madeiras de Eucalyptus clöeziana F. Muell, de Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell e de Corymbia maculata Hook, para as propriedades de densidade básica, retratibilidade, aplicação de carga rolante, de atrito estático e dinâmico, endentação causada por cargas aplicadas em pequenas áreas, impacto da esfera de aço cadente e resistência à abrasão. Foi observado que as madeiras estudadas podem ser utilizadas para a confecção de pisos, de acordo com seus resultados obtidos e por meio de comparações com resultados de literatura.Palavras-chave: Piso de madeira, ensaio mecânico em pisos, propriedade físico-mecânica. Apesar da grande diversidade de madeiras tropicais brasileiras disponíveis no mercado, poucas espécies são destinadas para pisos. Entre as espécies comumente utilizadas podem ser citadas o cumaru, jatobá, peroba-rosa e ipê. Essas madeiras apresentam qualidade para a finalidade em questão, mas sua utilização apresenta como desvantagem a degradação do ambiente, uma vez que a grande maioria da extração de madeira nativa é predatória. SIMULATION OF THE USE OF WOODEN FLOORS OF Eucalyptus sp AND

The sanding process is important to the quality of wood products. Sanding reduces imperfections in wood surfaces and it is important to the final product and application of paints or varnishes. There are few studies about sanding in the literature and finding out the relationship between the input parameters (i.e., species of wood, grit size, abrasive) on the output parameters (i.e., roughness, force, pressure) will help to improve this process. This study analyzed the influence of input parameters as belt speed (cutting speed), grit size and pressure on the output parameters as surface roughness, cutting force (sanding force) and power consumption on cross-grain sanding of Eucalyptus grandis wood. The tests were performed with 3 types of grit sizes (80, 100 and 120 grit), 3 belt speeds (10, 11 and 12 m/s) and 2 pressures (219.89 and 283.44 g/cm²). The surface roughness was analyzed based on roughness average (Ra). Sanding efforts were analyzed by cutting force and power consumption. It was found that the 100 grit size provided the lowest cutting force. It was observed that the belt speed, pressure and grit size influenced the surface roughness, cutting force and power consumption. The best surface finishes were obtained in tests with higher pressure.

Alternative raw materials have been studied for the total or partial replacement of wood in wood panels, in order to decrease the use of wood and to recovery waste. The present study tested the influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the panels produced with particles of Eucalyptus saligna and macadamia nutshell. For this were produced panels in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% with respect to the macadamia nutshells. With the obtained results it was noticed that the increasing of the nutshell proportion led to a decrease in the dimensional stability, internal bonding and bending strength. These results were primarily due to the geometry of the particles of macadamia nutshell, besides being thicker, not allowing a good interaction between them and the adhesive, they were shorter, reducing the bending strength.

Reforestation wood is interesting for construction, due to its potential as material source for manufacturing. For this purpose, the Eucalyptus genus has resulted in a better characterization of the material properties. During the production process, wood is machined at some stage, which influences the wood gluing quality. This study considered the performance of Eucalyptus saligna wood joints bonded with four commercial polyvinyl-acetate-based resins with different physical characteristics and chemical compositions. The surfaces of samples were prepared and machined by an up-milling process, using a planer, with wood feed rates of 6 m/min, 11 m/min, 16 m/min, and 21 m/min, which had advances per tooth of 0.25 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.66 mm, and 0.87 mm, respectively. The samples were prepared for shear strength testing of the glue line. During the preparation, all pieces were randomly bonded with regards to the formation plans of wood growth rings. Shear strength values were statistically compared to analysis of variance and Tukey test. Only C4 adhesive reached good results at all feed rates as well as having the best shear strength compared to other resins. Commercial adhesives had distinct interactions on the adhesive-wood interface, which resulted in different adhesion strengths.

The present paper aims to evaluate the influence of the factors (belt speed, pressure and grit size) on the output parameters (temperature and surface roughness) for Pinus elliottii wood sanding, processed parallel to the fibers. Three levels of belt speed, three levels of pressure and four levels of grit size were employed, with six replicates for each process, totaling 216 observations. The experiment conducted under a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results were analyzed employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 5% of significance level. Only grit sizes were significant to different temperature levels. The same outcome was observed for roughness, where only grits sizes were significant. No interaction between the pressure and belt speed factors were observed for all the results analyzed.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho de juntas coladas de madeiras da espécie Pinus elliottii com a utilização de dois adesivos comerciais à base de poliacetato de vinila (PVAc), com diferentes características físicas e composição química, ambos testados nas formas diluída em água e não diluída. As superfícies dos corpos de prova de madeira foram usinadas em processo de fresamento discordante. Uma plaina desengrossadeira de madeira com cabeçote de quatro facas afiadas de aço carbono semi-rápido à base de Cr-Ni-V foi utilizada. Essa máquina foi preparada para atuar com velocidade de corte (Vc) de 30,18 m.s-1 e velocidade de avanço da madeira (Vf) de 11,75 m.min-1, resultando num avanço por dente (fz) de 0,56 mm. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados para ensaios de resistência a ruptura na linha de cola por esforços solicitantes ao cisalhamento de acordo com a ABNT NBR 7190:1997. Para a confecção dos corpos de prova, as peças foram coladas de maneira aleatória em relação aos planos de formação dos anéis de crescimento da madeira. Os seguintes valores médios de resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola (fv0), na forma diluída e não diluída foram, respectivamente, PVAc-M: 6,52 e 6,49 MPa; PVAc-H: 5,86 e 5,15 MPa. Em relação à resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola, concluiu-se que ambos adesivos na forma diluída com 33,33 % de água resultaram em maior adesão em relação à formulação original, sendo que o adesivo diluído do tipo M proporcionou um aumento de 21,01% na resistência à ruptura em relação ao adesivo não diluido do tipo “H”.

In the search for productivity increase, industry has invested on the development of intelligent, flexible and self-adjusting method, capable of controlling processes through the assistance of autonomous systems, independently whether they are hardware or software. Notwithstanding, simulating conventional computational techniques is rather challenging, regarding the complexity and non-linearity of the production systems. Compared to traditional models, the approach with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) performs well as noise suppression and treatment of non-linear data. Therefore, the challenges in the wood industry justify the use of ANN as a tool for process improvement and, consequently, add value to the final product. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence techniques such as Neuro-Fuzzy Networks (NFNs) have proven effective, since NFNs combine the ability to learn from previous examples and generalize the acquired information from the ANNs with the capacity of Fuzzy Logic to transform linguistic variables in rules.

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