This study aimed to evaluate the control of globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea ) and selectivity to rice crop irrigated with an in-tank mixture of bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl associated with adjuvants. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Douradina, Paraná state, Brazil (23º12'32.0" South, 53º17'39.9" West), in the agricultural year of 2012/2013. An experimental randomized complete block design with ten treatments and four replications was used. The treatments consisted of applying an in-tank mixture of the herbicides bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl at two doses (32+1.3 and 40+3.3 g ai ha-1) associated with the adjuvants Iharaguen(tm) (375 mL.ha-1), Orobor N1(tm) (75 mL.ha-1), LI 700(tm) (150 mL.ha-1) and TA 35(tm) (50 mL.ha-1), as well as weeded and unweeded control. Although the effectiveness of globe fringerush (F. miliacea ) control with the in-tank mixture of the herbicides bispyribac-sodium + metsulfuron-methyl associated with Iharaguen(tm) and Orobor N1(tm) has been significantly higher than the effectiveness of these herbicides associated with LI 700(tm) and TA 35(tm), there were no significant differences among the treatments in terms of selectivity and grains yield of the rice cultivar Epagri 108.
Maize stands out as one of the most important crops in succession to soybean in tropic countries. However, the susceptibility of both crops to nematodes, can cause a continuous increase in the nematode population, especially in areas where there is the occurrence of weeds susceptible to the parasites. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the nematodes dynamics in a growing area with off-season maize under chemical weed management. The experiment was installed at Tuneiras do Oeste County, Brazil, designed in randomized blocks, with seven treatments and five replications, constituted by sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) management systems with glyphosate associated to herbicides inhibitors of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and auxin-mimetic, and complement with glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione in post-emergence. The effect of treatments on Pratylenchus spp. population was observed in roots and soil rhizosphere soil of D. insularis and in maize roots. Glyphosate application followed by glyphosate + atrazine was inefficient in controlling sourgrass. Management system with glyphosate + clethodim + 2.4-D followed by glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione reduced the Pratylenchus spp. population in sourgrass, but any management system repeated this effect in maize. Management systems of D. insularis with associations of glyphosate + clethodim; glyphosate + clethodim + 2.4-D and glyphosate + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, all followed by glyphosate + atrazine + tembotrione, showed excellent control level of sourgrass without affecting plant height, grain and rank numbers and grain yield. It is concluded that the management system using herbicides association controlled sourgrass and may interferer on Pratylenchus spp. population.
The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mário César Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.
O processo de degradação do solo, acelerado pelas atividades antrópicas, trazem preocupações com a sustentabilidade das atividades agropecuárias. A classificação com base na capacidade de uso e aptidão de solos podem nortear, com base em parâmetros técnicos, os riscos de degradação desses solos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento do meio físico, classificar as terras de acordo com sua capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola em uma pequena propriedade no município de Mundo Novo -MS. O estudo foi realizado numa pequena propriedade de 52,60 ha explorada com cultivos intensivos, a partir da execução do levantamento do meio físico, onde foi considerada a fertilidade e a classificação de solos, além de outras características, tais como a declividade, a profundidade efetiva, a textura, a permeabilidade e a existência ou predisposição a ocorrência de processos erosivos. A área de estudo foi desmembrada em regiões, de acordo com as fragilidades e potencialidades, identificadas pela capacidade de uso e aptidão agrícola dos solos da propriedade. Foram observadas três classes de solo, com limitações de fertilidade, de declive, bem como a ocorrência de processos erosivos superficiais e subsuperficiais, em algumas regiões da propriedade. A propriedade foi dividida em seis glebas, com indicações para a adoção conjunta de práticas de manejo químicas e físicas, além da redução na intensidade de cultivo, em 29,60 ha. A realização deste estudo indica que a exploração da propriedade é dependente da adequação da intensidade de exploração, com as respectivas capacidades de uso e aptidão agrícola desses solos, bem como da adoção conjunta de práticas conservacionistas.
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