Abstract.A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrheic children who were hospitalized in Goiânia, capital of Goiás State in Brazil. A crude prevalence of 14.4% (64 of 445) was observed using a direct immunfluorescent assay (DFA), but the true prevalence was 18.7% (83 of 445) when a gold standard of immunomagnetic separation was used in combination with the DFA. Infection was more predominant in children less than 24 months old (odds ratio [OR] ‫ס‬ 0.50, 90% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 0.36-0.68, P ‫ס‬ 0.0001), and males were 2.2 times more at risk for infection when compared with females (OR ‫ס‬ 2.2, 90% CI ‫ס‬ 0.13-3.8, P ‫ס‬ 0.01). The socioeconomic, intra-familial, and environmental factors associated with cryptosporidiosis were day care attendance, household children with diarrhea up to 30 days prior to the interview, contact with surface water within past 30 days prior to the interview, dwelling distance from a body of water, and the late rainy season (P < 0.10). C. parvum was not associated with the parent's occupation, household sleeping arrangements, number of caregivers, breast-fed children, diet and type of food hygiene, source and type of treatment of drinking water, presence of sewage, and animal exposure (P > 0.10). Although weight was not found to be associated with infection, children infected with C. parvum weighed on average 2.0% less than children not infected with C. parvum (P > 0.10). Thus, C. parvum is an important etiologic agent of childhood diarrhea and should be identified in routine parasitologic tests of diarrheal stool samples.

No abstract

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, os estudos existentes sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à voz de professores. Foram selecionados artigos, nas seguintes bases de dados: Education Resources Information Center ( ERIC,) LILACS, PUBMED Central (PMC) e SCIELO. Foram empregados os unitermos ‘qualidade de vida’ e ‘voz’ e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa. Foram aceitos artigos em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem determinação quanto ao período de publicação. Para a seleção dos artigos foram previamente estabelecidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e aplicados os Testes de Relevância I e II. Os artigos foram incluídos de acordo com formulários padronizados. A busca inicial resultou em 315 artigos. O processo de análise envolveu leitura de títulos, resumos e textos completos; sendo que apenas 13 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, envolvendo estudos de qualidade de vida relacionada à voz de professores dos diversos níveis de ensino (infantil, fundamental, médio e superior) e de escolas públicas e privadas. O QVV foi o instrumento mais utilizado com professores; sendo o domínio físico deste instrumento o que impactou de forma mais negativa na qualidade de vida relacionada à voz no que se refere a falar forte em ambientes ruidosos e o ar acabar rápido e precisar respirar muitas vezes enquanto fala. Houve certa dificuldade no momento das análises dos artigos, uma vez que não apresentaram padronização de técnicas e critérios semelhantes. Há necessidade de aumento dos estudos de qualidade de vida relacionada à voz do professor nos diferentes níveis de ensino e tipos de escolas.

Adenovirus is the virus that contains the highest amount of features favorable to its use as a virologic marker for water quality. Those pathogens are resistant on the environment, abundant, easily detected by molecular methods and are of great importance in public health.

Compliance with standard precautions measures is essential to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of hand washing, use of gloves and the handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects among nursing and medical students. This is a descriptive observational study, which used a questionnaire and a check list. Knowledge of standard precaution measures was evaluated in 48/48 (100.0%) nursing students and 93/112 (83.0%) medical students. At the teaching hospital, 26/37 (70.3%) nursing students and 78/93 (83.9%) medical students belonging to the population being investigated were observed during their clinical practice. These results were compared intra groups. Knowledge of hand hygiene procedures was higher than what was observed in the clinical practice in both groups of students, (χ²; p≤0.001). Compliance with the use of sterile and non-sterile gloves, and handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects was higher than the knowledge of these procedures among nursing students, and a statistically significant difference was observed with regards to sterile glove usage (χ²; p=0.009). Regarding medical students, there was no statistical difference between knowledge and practice insofar as these two types of gloves were concerned, as well as regarding the handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects. Performance of both groups in terms of knowledge of hand hygiene showed a dichotomy between the teaching and the practice of these standard precautions. Results have shown a deficiency in the teaching-learning process for the other measures evaluated.

The results of entomologic surveillance conducted after Chagas' disease control in Mambai, Goias, Brazil are reported for the years 1985-1988, including a summary of results from 1980 to 1988. A progressive decrease in the incidence of Triatoma infestans in houses reached zero in 1988. The threat of secondary vector colonization and the continued need for vigilance are discussed.

There was an association of tubal obstruction with infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, reinforcing the need for effective strategies for an early detection of sexually transmitted diseases, especially in asymptomatic women of childbearing age.

Adenoviruses are a highly important public health issue, since they are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses present in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques for the detection of adenovirus in public and recreational water supplies in Goiâ-nia, Brazil. From December 2007 to November 2008 water samples were collected in 5 different sites in 2 lakes and 2 rivers of the city. The samples were filtered in a positively charged nylon membrane, and the DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. Semi-nested PCR was used to detect adenovirus DNA, and sequence analysis of the semi-nested PCR products was performed to identify the recovered viruses. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 43% (24 of 54) of samples collected. Considering all examined sites, MP1 presented the highest occurrence of adenovirus (6 positive from 10 collected samples), followed by MP2 (3 positive from 6 collected samples), JL (10 positive from 21 collected samples), VB (3 positive from 9 collected samples), and BB (2 positive from 8 collected samples), respectively. The methodology employed proved to be feasible, fast, low-cost, and suitable to be used as screening approach on adenovirus detection in water for public sanitation companies.