Molecular Detection of Adenoviruses in Lakes and Rivers of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Abstract

Adenoviruses are a highly important public health issue, since they are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses present in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques for the detection of adenovirus in public and recreational water supplies in Goiâ-nia, Brazil. From December 2007 to November 2008 water samples were collected in 5 different sites in 2 lakes and 2 rivers of the city. The samples were filtered in a positively charged nylon membrane, and the DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method. Semi-nested PCR was used to detect adenovirus DNA, and sequence analysis of the semi-nested PCR products was performed to identify the recovered viruses. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 43% (24 of 54) of samples collected. Considering all examined sites, MP1 presented the highest occurrence of adenovirus (6 positive from 10 collected samples), followed by MP2 (3 positive from 6 collected samples), JL (10 positive from 21 collected samples), VB (3 positive from 9 collected samples), and BB (2 positive from 8 collected samples), respectively. The methodology employed proved to be feasible, fast, low-cost, and suitable to be used as screening approach on adenovirus detection in water for public sanitation companies.

Why the Use of Adenoviruses as Water Quality Virologic Marker?

“…Therefore, they are successfully detected in different environmental samples, such as waters in lakes and rivers (Xagoraraki et al 2007;Silva et al 2010a), sewage systems (Rodríguez-Díaz et al 2009), treated waters (Verheyen et al 2009), andswimming pools (van Heerden et al 2005a). Verheyen et al (2009), analyzing 54 treated water samples have detected 12.9% of those as positive for AdV, against 2.1% of positivity for rotavirus.…”

Seasonal Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in River Water Samples Collected from Rural Areas of South-East Poland

“…In the previous studies conducted by other authors, HAdVs have been detected in river water with a prevalence of 22.2-97.5% (Pina et al 1998;van Heerden et al 2005;Hamza et al 2009). Enteric HAdVs have been found by other workers as a predominant group of HAdVs in surface waters (Girones et al 1995;van Heerden et al 2005;Jiang 2006;Silva et al 2010). In the current study, the virus prevalence in water was not related to the season of the year; this year-round occurrence has previously been shown by Haramoto et al (2005) and Pina et al (1998).…”

Environmental Monitoring of Opportunistic Protozoa in Rivers and Lakes in the Neotropics Based on Yearly Monitoring

“…We applied the filtration methodology as recommended by Silva et al (2010). Vigorous manual shaking does not cause any damage to the filter membrane because it is made of nylon, a very resistant material.…”

“…The samples were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method described by Silva et al (2010). Briefly, sample water was filtered under vacuum using qualitative filter paper to remove excess organic matter and immediately submitted to microfiltration using a positively charged nylon membrane.…”