A escolha da cultivar a ser implantada em uma lavoura cafeeira deve ser baseada na produtividade, qualidade e tamanho dos grãos, visando agregação de valor ao produto. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade de cultivares de cafeeiros na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo, no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), com cinco blocos e oito tratamentos representados por cultivares de Coffea arabica L. Em julho de 2019, foi realizada a colheita por meio de derriça manual no pano, sendo avaliadas as seguintes características: produtividade (sacas beneficiadas de 60 kg ha-1), percentual de frutos verde, verde cana, cereja, passa e seco, rendimento (L de “café da roça” para compor uma saca de 60 kg de café beneficiado), renda (relação entre o peso do café beneficiado e o de café seco em coco, em porcentagem), análise sensorial de acordo com o protocolo da Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) e classificação quanto ao tamanho e formato de grãos. As cultivares Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, Mundo Novo IAC 379-19, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 e Topázio MG-1190 se destacaram por apresentarem maiores produtividades e renda. Não houve diferença significativa entre as cultivares para rendimento, obtendo-se média de 380,6 L de “café da roça” para compor uma saca de 60 kg beneficiada. O maior percentual de frutos cerejas, passas e secos foram detectados, respectivamente, nas cultivares Mundo Novo IAC 379-19, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 e Acauã Novo (média de 7,78%), Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 e Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 (média de 21,9%) e Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99, Topázio MG-1190, IAC 125 RN e Paraíso MG H 419-1 (média de 91,2%). Todas as cultivares apresentam pontuação de bebida entre 79 e 81 pontos. A cultivar IAC 125 RN obteve maior percentual de grãos de peneira alta, enquanto as cultivares Topázio MG-1190 e Acauã Novo apresentaram maior quantidade de grãos moca miúdo.
Voice analysis is an important tool in the diagnosis of laryngeal disorders. Among distinct signal processing techniques employed for voice analysis, the spectrogram is commonly used, as it allows for a visualization of the variation of the energy of the signal as a function of both time and frequency. In this context, this study investigates the use of the global energy of the signal, estimated through the spectrogram, as a tool for discrimination between signals obtained from healthy and pathological subjects. This research has also exploited the potential use of the global energy of the voice signal to discriminate distinct laryngeal disorders. In total, 94 subjects were involved in this study, from which 46 were dysphonic and 48 normal. The diagnosis of laryngeal disorders was confirmed by means of a videolaryngoscopic examination. Participants were also subjected to a clinical examination of vocal acoustic through the recording of the sustained vowel /ε/. The global energy allowed the discrimination between normal and dysphonic voice. Furthermore, this technique could discriminate the voice signal of patients suffering from left vocal fold paralysis from those suffering from other investigated disorders. The results suggest the global energy of the signal as an auxiliary and alternative tool for the diagnosis between normal and dysphonic voice.
The use of management practices that reduce the application of phytosanitary products and guarantee sustainability to the production process has been increasingly used in coffee farming. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative, productive and nutritional parameters of coffee plants as a function of management systems. The experiment was set in 2018 in Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four treatments and five blocks. The treatments were composed of doses of organic compost applied in topdressing: (T1): 150 g plant-1 (1.7 t ha-1); (T2): 300 g plant-1 (3.4 t ha-1); T3: 500 g plant-1 (5.7 t ha-1); and T4 (control: standard management of the farm). The conventional management provided an increase in the number of internodes in the plagiotropic branch of the coffee tree and in the productivity of the first crop of the plantation. The management systems did not influence the format and size of the coffee beans. The use of organic fertilization and absence of phytosanitary products allowed the production of specialty coffees, besides accelerating the maturation process of the fruits. The management with organic fertilization was efficient in keeping the pH, organic matter, base saturation, effective CEC, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc levels in the soil at satisfactory levels. The foliar levels of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, boron and copper were satisfactory for the crop and did not differ between the management systems adopted in the field.
The growing demand for specialty coffees, prioritizing product quality and environmental sustainability has promoted organic coffee production and increased interest in the assessment of soil quality bioindicators measuring the effects of management systems. The aim of this work is to evaluate parameters of soil bioindication quality in coffee plants due to organic and conventional fertilization, using native forest soil as a reference. The experiment happened in Monte Carmelo-MG, with the cultivar Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479 in a randomized block designed with five blocks. The treatments consisted in the application of organic compost and liquid organic fertilizer via "drench and the conventional treatment of the farm (spectator). Three subsamples per experimental plot were collected in the projection from the top of the coffee and in an area of native forest close to the experiment, resulting in a sample composed of each treatment plot. The parameters pH, electrical conductivity, basal soil respiration, labile carbon, assimilable phosphorus and ammoniacal nitrogen were evaluated. The soil under organic fertilization provided levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and assimilable phosphorus higher than the conventional system, however ammoniacal nitrogen was lower than the soil under native vegetation, for labile carbon were similar in both soils. Regarding electrical conductivity, they must constantly monitor the soil under cultivation to avoid elevation to toxic levels for the coffee plant. In general, the soil under organic fertilization does not contribute to the improvement of biological activity, but maintained or increased values of phosphorus and Clábil.
The coffee growing in Minas Gerais has been outstanding due to the high quality in the production and the cultivar choice is very important during the culture implantation process. Genetic dissimilarity studies are very important to make further advances in breeding programs to obtain more adapted cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic potential and genetic dissimilarity among coffee cultivars based on hierarchical and optimization methods. The experiment was installed at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus - Monte Carmelo. The planting was carried out in December 2015, using a randomized block design with four replications. A spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.6 m between plants was adopted. The treatments consisted of the Coffea arabica cultivars: Acaiá Cerrado - MG 1474; Mundo Novo IAC 379-19; Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10; Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99; Topázio MG 1190; Acauã Novo and IAC 125 RN. Growth, crop yield and physical classification were evaluated for type, size and shape of coffee beans. There was consistency between hierarchical and optimization methods in the groups formation. The cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 showed the highest vegetative vigor. The cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 was the one that obtained the highest yield in the first crop. The cultivar Topázio MG 1190 showed higher genetic dissimilarity compared to the other cultivars. UPGMA multivariate analysis and Tocher optimization methods indicated that the cultivars have genetic variability for the region under study.
O mulching de polietileno pode ser utilizado como uma técnica promissora no cultivo de culturas perenes, reduzindo a incidência e custos com manejo de plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos e qualitativos do café em função da utilização de mulching de polietileno com diferentes cores e larguras no município de Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo. O plantio da lavoura, cultivar Topázio MG-1190, realizado em dezembro de 2016, utilizando espaçamento de 3,5 m entre linhas e 0,6 m entre plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro blocos e cinco tratamentos: mulching branco/preto com largura 1,20 m; mulching branco/preto com largura 1,40 m; mulching prata/preto com largura 1,20 m; mulching prata/preto com largura 1,40 m e ausência de mulching. Em 2019, referente à primeira safra da lavoura, foram determinadas a produtividade, o percentual de frutos verdes, verde-cana, cereja, passas e secos, a análise sensorial e a classificação dos grãos quanto ao tamanho e formato. Também foram estimadas correlações de Pearson entre as variáveis percentuais de frutos verdes e cereja, produtividade e número de defeitos. Verificou-se que a utilização do mulching promoveu acréscimo de 16,9 sacas ha-1 em relação ao tratamento controle, produzindo cafés que atingiram padrão de bebida especial de acordo com protocolo da SCAA. O uso de cobertura plástica acelerou a maturação dos frutos e reduziu a porcentagem de frutos moca médio, enfatizando o potencial de uso dessa tecnologia na fase de formação de lavouras cafeeiras.
O material genético adaptado às condições do Cerrado Mineiro e o monitoramento pode ser um fator determinante para o manejo eficiente de pragas e doenças do cafeeiro. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as condições climáticas na incidência de cercosporiose e bicho-mineiro em cultivares de cafeeiros na região de Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro blocos, e os tratamentos foram constituídos por oito cultivares de Coffea arabica L.: Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474; Mundo Novo IAC 379-19; Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10; Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99; Paraíso MG H 419-1; Topázio MG-1190; Acauã Novo e IAC 125 RN. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por 10 plantas, sendo avaliadas as cinco plantas centrais. Foi avaliada mensalmente a presença de lesões de cercosporiose no ramo localizado no terço superior pelo método não destrutivo. Foram contabilizadas quinzenalmente o número de folhas com minas intactas de bicho-mineiro no ramo plagiotrópico selecionado no terço médio. A incidência de cercosporiose e bicho-mineiro foi avaliada no período entre dezembro de 2017 a agosto de 2018. As cultivares que apresentaram menor incidência de bicho-mineiro foram Mundo Novo IAC 379-19, Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10, Paraíso MG H 419-1 e Topázio MG-1190, respectivamente. A maior incidência de bicho-mineiro ocorreu no período de abril até agosto. Os meses que apresentaram maior incidência de cercosporiose foram de dezembro a maio, havendo variabilidade da ocorrência da doença entre as cultivares testadas.
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