Bioindicadores De Qualidade De Solo Sob Cultivo Do Cafeeiro Em Função Da Adubação Convencional E Orgânica

Abstract

The growing demand for specialty coffees, prioritizing product quality and environmental sustainability has promoted organic coffee production and increased interest in the assessment of soil quality bioindicators measuring the effects of management systems. The aim of this work is to evaluate parameters of soil bioindication quality in coffee plants due to organic and conventional fertilization, using native forest soil as a reference. The experiment happened in Monte Carmelo-MG, with the cultivar Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479 in a randomized block designed with five blocks. The treatments consisted in the application of organic compost and liquid organic fertilizer via "drench and the conventional treatment of the farm (spectator). Three subsamples per experimental plot were collected in the projection from the top of the coffee and in an area of native forest close to the experiment, resulting in a sample composed of each treatment plot. The parameters pH, electrical conductivity, basal soil respiration, labile carbon, assimilable phosphorus and ammoniacal nitrogen were evaluated. The soil under organic fertilization provided levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and assimilable phosphorus higher than the conventional system, however ammoniacal nitrogen was lower than the soil under native vegetation, for labile carbon were similar in both soils. Regarding electrical conductivity, they must constantly monitor the soil under cultivation to avoid elevation to toxic levels for the coffee plant. In general, the soil under organic fertilization does not contribute to the improvement of biological activity, but maintained or increased values of phosphorus and Clábil.