RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 571-6' na extração de nutrientes pelos ramos removidos na poda e pela colheita dos cachos da videira 'Niagara Rosada', cultivada em Votuporanga, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizou-se a poda de produção em 18-08-2009, em que avaliaram a massa fresca e a massa seca dos ramos, visando a estimar o acúmulo de biomassa pelos ramos da videira. Na colheita, estimou-se a produtividade pela pesagem dos cachos/planta e do número de plantas/ha. As amostras de ramos e cachos foram submetidas à análise química de nutrientes e, baseado no acúmulo de massa seca dos ramos e na produtividade, estimou-se a extração de nutrientes. Obteve-se, com o porta-enxerto 'IAC 572', maior extração de nutrientes pelos ramos. Referente aos cachos, obteve-se maior extração de nutrientes com o porta-enxerto 'IAC 766'. A extração diferencial de nutrientes pela 'Niagara Rosada', em função do porta-enxerto, pode servir como base para a adubação dos vinhedos. Termos para indexação: Vitis, nutrição mineral, porta-enxerto, extração. NUTRIENTS EXTRACTION BY VINE 'NIAGARA ROSADA' GRAFTED ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKSABSTRACT -The objective was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 571-6' on nutrient extraction by the branches removed by pruning, and bunches harvesting of 'Niagara Rosada', grown in Votuporanga, São Paulo state, Brazil. Pruning was done in 08/18/2009, when fresh and dry mass of branches were evaluated, aiming to estimate the biomass accumulation in the branches of the vine. At the harvest, the yield was estimated by the weight of clusters/plant and the number of plants/ha. Samples of branches and clusters were submitted to chemical analyses of nutrients and, based on the accumulation of dry mass of branches and the yield the extraction of nutrients was estimated. We observed for rootstock 'IAC 572' the higher extraction of nutrients by the branches. Referring to the extraction of nutrients by the clusters, we observed a higher extraction for the 'IAC 766'. The differential extraction of nutrients by 'Niagara Rosada' depending on the rootstock, can serve as a basis for the fertilization of the vineyards.

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A B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to evaluate the yield components and physicochemical characteristics of bunches and berries of new grape varieties for juice elaboration, which were 'Isabel Precoce' (Vitis labrusca L.) and the hybrids 'BRS Carmem', 'BRS Cora' and IAC 138-22 'Máximo' grown onto 'IAC 572' and 'IAC 766' rootstocks under tropical conditions. The yield components (number of bunches and yield per vine, as well as productivity) and the physicochemical characteristics of the bunches and berries of the eight scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated in three seasons. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and principal components analysis. The varieties 'Isabel Precoce', 'BRS Cora' and IAC 138 22 'Máximo' produced high fruit yield, with the number of bunches and yield per vine similar to one another and superior to those of 'BRS Carmem'. Significant differences occurred among varieties in the physicochemical grape characteristics. 'Isabel Precoce' and 'BRS Carmem' grapes had balanced levels of sugar and acid content, and 'BRS Cora' presented large bunches and berries, reaching high soluble solids content despite the high acidity. IAC 138-22 'Máximo' grape also had large bunches but small berries and limited potential in the accumulation of sugars. The 'IAC 766' rootstock resulted in the best performance across all four varieties evaluated, showing maximum results in terms of fruit yield and physicochemical quality attributes of grapes.

The color of the berry grapes is due to existence of anthocyanins and their accumulation seems to be regulated, at least in part, by abscisic acid. Therefore, exogenous applications of this regulator may increase the anthocyanins concentration in the grapes skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid on the color of berries and in the anthocyanin accumulation and total phenolic compounds of 'Rubi' grapes. The 'Rubi' grape (Vitis vinifera) variety was studied in the sixth year of production. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of isomer concentrations of (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA), as follow: Control (0 mg L-1); 400 mg L-1 de S-ABA at the beginning of the maturation (BM); 400 mg L-1 at BM + 200 mg L-1 at 25 DAFA (25 days after the first application) and 400 mg L-1 in BM + 400 mg L-1 at 25 DAFA. The berry bunches were sprayed in the morning, using costal sprayer providing full and uniform coverage. The colorimetric characteristics were determined with colorimeter obtaining the following variables: luminosity, saturation, hue angle and color index. The fresh mass, length and width of bunch (berries and stems), number of berries per bunch, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/acidity ratio, pH, reducing sugars, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds were evaluated. The abscisic acid (S-ABA) promoted the physical characteristics of the bunch and berries slightly with no effect on the stems. However, it triggered significant increase in soluble solids content and in the soluble solids/acidity ratio. It also increased the anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds, especially when applied twice, regardless of the concentration, in addition to improve color attributes. It is recommended the application of 400 mg L-1 at BM + 200 mg L-1 at 25 DAFA can be useful to increase anthocyanin and total phenolic and to improve color attributes.

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In subtropical or tropical conditions, the insufficient winter chill accumulation is often a limiting factor to break the dormancy of temperate-climate species such as the blackberry, which requires using products to help break dormancy. This study evaluates the efficacy of compounds in breaking dormancy of blackberry and its consequent influence on phenology and crop yields. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 production cycle. The plants used were two-year-old "Tupy" blackberry (Rubus spp.), with 0.6 × 4.0 m spacing (4.166 plants·ha −1 ). Pruning was performed in August, followed by the application of these treatments: control (water); hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex ® ); nitrogen fertilizer (Erger ® ) and mineral oil (Assist ® ). The concentrations of each compound used were: 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0%. The compounds used influenced the budding, flowering and fruit harvest stages, in addition to providing increased yields depending on the concentration used. For hydrogen cyanamide the recommended concentration is of 4.2% and 5.4% for nitrogen fertilizer; doses above these concentrations may cause phytotoxic effects. For mineral oil the dose recommended is of 8.0%.

RESUMOEstudaram-se respostas à adubação fosfatada pelo alho vernalizado cv. Roxo Pérola de Caçador em cinco solos com diferentes classes texturais, com e sem adubação orgânica, visando contribuir para o estabelecimento de curva de calibração para fósforo extraído por resina de troca iônica. Foram instalados dois experimentos entre maio e outubro de 1995 e 1996, em vasos (16 L), em casa de vegetação telada do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, município de Botucatu (SP). Cada experimento constituiu um fatorial com cinco solos e seis doses de fósforo (original, 50, 100, 200, 400 e 800 mg dm -3 de P). A adubação orgânica foi aplicada apenas no primeiro ano, na dosagem de 40 t ha -1 de esterco bovino decomposto. Verificou-se que a aplicação de matéria orgânica dificultou a discriminação dos níveis de fósforo extraído pela resina entre os tratamentos com menores doses de adubação fosfatada. A elevação nos níveis de fósforo aumentou a concentração de clorofila e de N, P, K e Mn e reduziu a concentração de Mg nas folhas; não foram observados efeitos antagônicos do P sobre a absorção de Zn. O nível crítico de fósforo extraído pela resina para os solos utilizados situou-se em torno de 50 mg dm -3 de P, enquanto a concentração foliar crítica de fósforo nas plantas de alho foi de 2,5 g kg -1 de P. A adubação orgânica, na dosagem recomendada para o estado de São Paulo, pode substituir a adubação fosfatada na cultura do alho vernalizado.Termos de indexação: alho, Allium sativum, nutrição mineral, níveis de fósforo, matéria orgânica, produtividade.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks and pruning times on yield and on nutrient content and extraction by pruned branches and harvested bunches of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine in subtropical climate. The rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6', and '106-8 Mgt' were evaluated. Treatments consisted of a combination between five rootstocks and three pruning times. At pruning, fresh and dry matter mass of branches were evaluated to estimate biomass accumulation. At harvest, yield was estimated by weighing of bunches per plant. Branches and bunches were sampled at pruning and at harvest, respectively, for nutrient content analysis. Nutrient content and dry matter mass of branches and bunches were used to estimate total nutrient extraction. 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock had the highest yield and dry matter mass of bunches, which were significantly different from the ones observed in 'Niagara Rosada'/'IAC 313'. 'Niagara Rosada' grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock extracted the largest quantity of K, P, Mg, S, Cu, and Fe, differing from 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' in K and P extraction, and from '106-8 Mgt' in Mg and S extraction. Winter pruning results in higher yield, dry matter accumulation by branches, and total nutrient content and extraction.