Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a produtividade do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) submetido à adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada em Cambissolo. A cultivar usada foi a EMBRAPA 122, plantada em espaçamento 0,90 x 0,30 m. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 com quatro repetições, combinando quatro doses de N e de P2O5 (0, 25, 50 e 100 kg/ha). A altura da planta e o diâmetro do capítulo não foram afetados pelas doses de N, porém tiveram resposta linear e positiva as doses P2O5. Não foi verificado efeito das doses de N e de P2O5 sob o diâmetro do caule com valor médio de 18,58 mm. A produção de grãos por área respondeu de maneira linear e positiva as dose de N e P2O5, sendo o fósforo fator de maior importância, pois com o uso de 100 kg/ha de N a produtividade aumentou em 31%, enquanto que com essa dose de P2O5 a produtividade aumentou 58%, em comparação ao tratamento sem os fertilizantes. Na cultura do girassol deve ser aplicado 100 kg/ha de nitrogênio e de fósforo para obter maior produtividade. A adubação fosfatada promove maior resposta que a nitrogenada, devendo esta ser priorizada quando houver impossibilidade de realizar as duas.

A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the use of wastewater from the cassava processing as organic fertilizer on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'Marandu' . The treatments were wastewater doses (0, 15, 30, 60 , which promotes a higher mass of forage and lower of undesirable plants.Água residuária da mandioca como fertilizante orgânico em pasto de capim-marandu

Cultivated pastures may increase the meat production of sheep, but it is necessary to understand the plant-animal relationships in a pastoral environment. This study aimed to assess the effect of forage cultivars on the intake and feeding behavior of sheep. Four treatments were evaluated, consisted of the cultivars Panicum maximum cvs. Aruana and Massai and Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Marandu and Piatã. Twenty-four sheep, male of the Santa Inês genotype, were used with six replications per treatment. Daily forage and nutrient intakes were evaluated in addition to time in grazing, rumination, and leisure activities. The animals in the pasture of Aruana grass demanded the most extended times of grazing and rumination (p<0.05). The leisure time was higher (p<0.05) in the animals kept in pastures of Piatã grass. The highest intakes of dry matter and crude protein in g/day (p<0.05) were found in the animals kept in the pasture of Marandu grass, and a smaller intake was found in the animals kept in the pasture of Massai grass. Intake of leaf blades was higher (p<0.05) in the animals kept in pastures of Massai and Marandu. The neutral detergent fiber intake did not differ among the cultivars. It is concluded that pasture structure and chemical composition of tropical forage cultivars influence the nutrient intake and feeding behavior of sheep. The low leaf blade offer of the pasture of the Aruana grass negatively affects the feeding behavior of the sheep, but the crude protein in forage of this cultivar favors the nutrient intake, feed conversion, and performance of sheep.

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a estrutura e a produção de forragem em híbridos de capim-elefante manejados sob corte. Utilizaram-se como tratamentos 24 clones de capim-elefante provenientes da Embrapa Gado de Leite e o Cameroom como testemunha. Os capins foram cortados rentes ao solo, a cada 60 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção e teor de matéria seca, número de perfilhos basais, número de folhas por perfilho, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo. A maior altura das plantas foi observada no clone CNPGL 00-103-1. O grupo com maior número de perfilhos teve três clones e média de 39,38 perfilhos m -2 . No grupo dos clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 e CNPGL 00-90-3 foram observados os maiores teores de matéria seca (22,7% de MS). As maiores massas de forragem, de lâmina foliar e de colmo foram observadas no clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 e 6195 kg ha -1 de MS respectivamente. A maior relação lâmina foliar/colmo foi do clone CNPGL 00-201-1 e apenas neste a massa de lâmina foliar foi superior à de colmo. O clone CNPGL 00-214 mostrou-se mais produtivo, com alta capacidade de perfilhamento e de acúmulo de forragem. Palavras-chave: Colmo; lâmina foliar; perfilho; Pennisetum sp. AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the structure and forage production of hybrids of elephantgrass managed under cut. Twenty-four clones of elephant-grass from Embrapa dairy cattle were used as treatments, and Cameroom as a control. The grasses were cut close to the ground, every 60 days. The parameters evaluated were yield and dry matter content, number of basal tillers, number of leaves per tiller, plant height, stem diameter. The highest height of the plants was observed in clone CNPGL 00-103-1. The group with the highest number of tillers had three clones and a mean of 39.38 tiller m -EMERENCIANO NETO, J.V. et al.Cienc. anim. bras., Goiânia, v.20, 1-11, e-46788, 2019 2 . In the group of clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 and CNPGL 00-90-3 the highest dry matter contents (22.7% DM) were observed. The highest masses of forage, leaf blade and stem were observed in clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 and 6195 kg ha -1 DM, respectively. The highest leaf blade / stem ratio was of the CNPGL 00-201-1 clone, and only in this did the leaf blade mass exceed that of the stem. Clone CNPGL 00-214 showed to be more productive, with high tillering capacity and forage accumulation.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do período de rebrotação e da altura de resíduo no crescimento do capim-buffel. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro alturas de resíduo (20, 30, 40 e 50 cm) e quatro períodos de descanso (15, 25, 35 e 45 dias), em arranjo fatorial 4x4. Foram determinados os teores de matéria seca e matéria mineral, a produção e a produtividade do capim. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão a 5% de significância. Não houve interação entre altura de resíduo e o período de rebrotação para nenhuma das variáveis. A produtividade não diferiu em função de nenhuma das fontes de variações. Os teores de matéria mineral decresceram de forma linear em função do período de rebrotação e da altura de resíduo, atingindo 8,65 e 8,84% aos 45 dias e 50 cm de altura, respectivamente. A produção de forragem melhor se ajustou a equações lineares em função do período de rebrotação, alcançando médias de 8884,4 kg ha-1 de massa fresca e 2338,1 kg ha-1 de massa seca aos 45 dias. O capim-buffel manejado com 45 dias de rebrotação proporcionou maior produção de forragem por unidade de área. As menores alturas de resíduo e os períodos de rebrotação mais curtos proporcionaram maiores concentrações de minerais na forragem.

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This research evaluated the effect of liming (with and without) and biochar (with and without) on sorghum cv. BRS Ponta Negra growth and Arenosol chemical properties in the Semiarid environment. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the application or not of lime (0 and 2.5 t ha-1) and biochar (0 and 12.5 t ha-1). Biochar was produced from cashew branches. The experiment was conducted in 16 m² plots where the forage sorghum cultivar BRS Ponta Negra was cultivated. The soil chemical characteristics, the production attributes, and the structural characteristics of the sorghum cultivar studied were evaluated. There was no interaction between factors. The use of biochar increased the pH and Ca and P contents in the soil and contributed to increasing the panicle mass (2.51 t ha-1 of DM). Lime application affected the soil Ca content as the dose of 2.5 t ha-1 resulted in higher values of culm diameter (15.25 mm), panicle mass, and culm mass (2.63 and 7.50 t ha-1 of DM, respectively). Therefore, these results allowed to outline strategies for the use of limestone and biochar for forage production in semiarid environments in sandy soils. Because, these materials improve some chemical attributes of the soil and the production of forage sorghum. It is noteworthy that edophoclimatic conditions can change the response patterns observed in this research. Therefore, research in other regions is essential.

The management of the moringa to produce biomass, as it is for other vegetal species, must consider some aspects that foster productivity. Among these aspects, cultivation density is a crucial element. This research aimed to assess the effects of spacing and cuts on the growth of the moringa. The treatments consisted of four spacings: 0.5 x 1.0 m; 0.83 x 1.0 m; 1.25 x 1.0 m; and 1.66 x 1.0 m. The experimental design was a randomized-block design with five repetitions. The standardization cut of the plants was performed at a one-meter height from the ground, fifty days after the seedlings transplantation. The assessments were performed every sixty days, totaling six cuts. Spacing impacted the growth and biomass production but did not affect the height of the plants. The stem diameter, branch number, and the plant’s mass increased at increasing the spacing. On the other side, the total mass and the masses of the stem, the leaflet, and the petiole per hectare decreased at increasing the spacing. Spacing did not affect the ratio between leaf/stem and leaflet/petiole. Plant growth and dry matter production were highest after the first two cuts and decreased significantly from the third cut on. The spacing of 0.5 x 1.0 m should be used for planting Moringa oleifera Lam. because this configuration, even reducing the gain per plant, increased the production of dry matter per unit area.