Sanitization is a critical step for the reduction of microbial contaminants in fruits and vegetables in an effort to lessen the occurrence of foodborne diseases. The efficiency of different chemical compounds, either individually or combined with ultrasound treatment, in decontaminating fresh arugulas was evaluated here. The main physicochemical properties and the natural microbiota of arugulas were evaluated after sanitization for 5 min at 25 8C. The synergistic effect of ultrasound and sodium hypochlorite led to the best outcome. Ultrasound treatment improved the bactericidal effect of sodium hypochlorite (100 mg/L), leading to a reduction of 1.46 log cycles in relation to the non-sanitized samples, whereas sodium hypochlorite itself provided a 0.85 log cycle reduction. This synergism is due to the ability of ultrasound-induced cavitation to form oxidizing free radicals (e.g., ÁOH and ÁCl), in addition to its mechanical energy input that facilitates the permeation of hypochlorous acid molecules into microbial cells. It is noteworthy that this mechanical action also favors the removal of microbial biofilms and cell disintegration. The residual chlorine content was lower than that recommended by the current legislation for public water supply. The combined action did not significantly alter the physicochemical and colorimetric properties of the arugulas. Therefore, this sanitization protocol denotes a promising alternative for the decontamination of fruits and vegetables in the food industry and in food processing facilities.
Practical applicationsCurrently, there has been an increase in the demand for fresh food as well as an increase in the number of food outbreaks involving these products. In this context, to reduce microbial contamination, this research presents an alternative sanitization method that can be easily used in food processing units for decontamination of vegetables, increasing the microbiological safety of the final product to the consumer.
Lactic beverages containing probiotics were prepared with whole UHT milk, whey of Mozzarella cheese, soybean hydrosoluble extract and sugar. Three formulations were studied, each one containing a different combination of probiotic/starter bacteria, fermented at two different temperatures (37 and 45 °C). The aim of this work was to verify the influence of these variables on the viability of probiotic microorganisms and on the physicochemical stability of lactic beverages during storage under refrigeration (21 days at 7 °C). The results indicated that the fermentation temperature had a significant effect on the viability of probiotic bacteria. Counts for Lactobacillus acidophilus were affected by storage time, resulting appropriate after 21 days only for the beverage fermented at 37 °C. Physicochemical parameters did not exhibit drastic variations -proving the stability of formulations during storage. Cells of Bifidobacterium spp. showed high survival ability, probably due to the presence of growth promoters from soybean and cheese whey. The fermentation temperature of 37 °C allowed counts above the minimum limit for all the studied microorganisms, being preferred to the temperature of 45 °C. The inclusion of soybean hydrosoluble extract, a prebiotics source, resulted in a symbiotic product with more benefits to the health of consumers.
Descreve-se neste artigo de revisão, o tratamento térmico ultra-high-temperature (UHT), empregado no processamento do leite, bem como seu efeito sobre alguns nutrientes (vitaminas). Também são discutidos os mecanismos envolvidos na gelatinização deste produto, fenômeno que pode reduzir sua vida útil. Em virtude de aumento no consumo do leite UHT e sua importância econômica torna-se indispensável estudar os mecanismos físicos, químicos e bioquímicos relacionados com o fenômeno de gelatinização. REVIEW: UHT MILK AND THE AGE GELATION PHENOMENA Abstract In this review article the ultra-high-temperature treatment in milk processing is described, as well as its effects in some nutrients (vitamins). The mechanisms involved in the age gelation of this product, phenomena that can reduce shelf-life of UHT milk, is discussed. By reason of the increase consumption of UHT milk and your economic importance in Brazil is absolutely necessary future researches of the physical, chemical and biochemical mechanisms related to the age gelation phenomena.
O presente trabalho, mediante revisão de literatura, teve como objetivo apresentar os efeitos benéficos que a ingestão de probióticos pode oferecer à saúde e os inúmeros aspectos científicos e tecnológicos fundamentais para a elaboração de produto lácteo probiótico. Abordou-se a utilização de bactérias ácido lácticas produtoras de exopolissacarídeos, bem como o desenvolvimento de novas classes de produtos funcionais envolvendo microrganismos probióticos em conjunto com compostos prebióticos (alimentos simbióticos). A seleção de microrganismo com propriedades probióticas exige a observação de três fatores principais: segurança, características funcionais e características tecnológicas. Portanto, a observação desses aspectos possibilitará a obtenção de produtos probióticos com a qualidade necessária e em sua máxima funcionalidade.
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