RESUMONeste trabalho são listadas as espécies de formigas de serrapilheira encontradas em quatro ambientes localizados na região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de verificar o impacto da ação antrópica realizada no meio rural. Para a coleta das formigas da serrapilheira foi utilizado o método do extrator de Winkler. Foram coletados 6.300 espécimes pertencentes a oito subfamílias, 18 tribos, 31 gêneros e 108 espécies. A floresta nativa possui a maior riqueza observada com 90 espécies coletadas, seguida por eucalipto com 65 espécies, agricultura e pastagem exótica com 20 espécies cada. O índice de diversidade de Margalef foi de 11,21 para área com floresta nativa, 8,37 para eucalipto, 3,48 para agricultura e, 2,71 na área de pastagem exótica. O índice de diversidade de Shannon obtido foi de 2,89; 3,15; 2,43 e 1,98 e de equitabilidade 0,64; 0,75; 0,84 e 0,66 para as áreas com: floresta nativa, eucalipto, agricultura e pastagem, respectivamente. O maior valor do índice de diversidade para a área de eucalipto pode ser devido à área possuir 28 anos de implantação, sem ter sido manejada, com sub-bosque de espécies nativas, formando um dossel contínuo e espessa camada de serrapilheira, já a floresta nativa por sofrer intervenções antrópicas, possui um valor de diversidade de Shannon menor comparado à área com eucalipto. Palavras-chave: riqueza; bioindicador; extrator mini-Winkler. ABSTRACTLitter ant species found in four sites located in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state were listed in this study to verify the impact of human activities conducted in rural areas. The method used for the collection of litter ants was the Winkler extractor. There were collected 6,300 specimens belonging to eight subfamilies, 18 tribes, 31 genera and 108 species. Native forest presented the highest richness observed with 90 species collected, followed by 65 eucalyptus species, and agriculture and pasture with 20 exotic species each. Margalef's diversity index was 11.21 for area with native forest, 8.37 for eucalypt, 3.48 for agriculture, and 2.71 in exotic pasture area. The Shannon's diversity indices obtained were 2.89, 3.15, 2.43 and 1.98 and equitability indices of 0.64, 0.75, 0.84 and 0.66 for areas with native forest, eucalyptus, agriculture and 1 Engenheiro Florestal, Dr., Professor

The objective of this study is to evaluate the damage caused by Acromyrmex heyeri Forel, 1899 and Acromyrmex lobicornis Emery, 1887 to Pinus taeda L. seedlings during the first two months after replanting. The experiment was conducted in the company Bosques del Plata, located in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. The evaluations were carried out at seven, 14, 21, 36, 50 and 65 days after replanting the seedlings, when the number of dead, alive, non-attacked, alive deneedled, and alive deneedled with cuts/damage to the apical bud by leaf-cutting ants was quantified. The results allow us to conclude that A. heyeri and A. lobicornis are responsible for losses to the order of 20.8% of the seedlings in an initial P. taeda stand at 65 days. The damage caused to seedlings by the two leaf-cutting ant species is constant over time, in which A. lobicornis is more voracious than A. heyeri.

RESUMOO presente trabalho objetivou registrar a ocorrência de novas espécies de formigas para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e, com isso, contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a mirmecofauna. As coletas foram realizadas em quatro ambientes (floresta nativa, plantio de eucalipto, plantio agrícola e pastagem exótica). Para a coleta das formigas, foi utilizado o método do extrator de mini-Winkler, cujo processo consistiu em retirar 1m² de serapilheira, peneirá-la e acondicioná-la em extratores de mini-Winkler para a obtenção da fauna. Foram coletadas 108 espécies, representantes de 31 gêneros, 18 tribos e oito subfamílias. Destas, a floresta nativa, apresentou 90 espécies coletadas, seguida pelo plantio de eucalipto, com 65 espécies, pelo plantio agrícola e pela pastagem exótica, com 20 espécies cada. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to report the registration of new ant species in Rio Grande do Sul state and thus to contribute to the knowledge about the ant fauna (Myrmecofauna). Collections were made in four different environments, namely, native forest, eucalyptus plantations, agricultural plantation and exotic pasture. We used the mini-Winkler method of extraction to collect the ants. We removed 1 square meter (1m²) of litter, sifted it and packed it in mini-Winkler extractors to obtain the fauna. We collected 108 species, which represent 31 genera, 18 tribes and 8 subfamilies. The native forest presented 90 collected species, the eucalyptus plantation presented 65 species, and the agricultural plantation and the exotic pasture presented 20 species each. We have registered for the first time the following species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul:

This work aimed to characterize the composition of the soil macrofauna in non-mined and mined areas recovered with native vegetation, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and Acacia mearnsii De Wild. plantations, in a coal mine. Five areas were evaluated, namely, three non-mined areas and two mined and recovered areas. Six soil samples per area were collected using a 10x10 cm circular probe, every month during one year. Defragmentation of the soil and removal of specimens was carried out in a laboratory. A total of 3,195 specimens from 11 taxa were collected. The most abundant groups were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera. There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between the total abundance of Isoptera and Coleoptera with some meteorological variables. The recovery process of the mined areas with black-wattle and eucalyptus plantations proved to be efficient because there was similarity of macrofauna groups between the non-mined, mined and native vegetation areas.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes usos do solo na abundância, riqueza, diversidade e atividade de organismos da fauna edáfica. A fauna do solo foi amostrada em: florestamento de Eucalyptus spp., florestamento de Pinus spp., lavoura de grãos, solo impactado pela construção civil e pastagem natural. Para a avaliação dos organismos da fauna epiedáfica empregou-se o método da armadilha de queda e para a amostragem dos organismos da fauna hemiedáfica utilizou-se o método TSBF. A atividade biológica do solo foi avaliada pelo método de lâminas bait. Foram coletados 5.413 organismos epiedáficos e 813 organismos hemiedáficos, distribuídos em 18 grupos taxonômicos. Os florestamentos de Pinus e Eucalyptus abrigaram as maiores abundâncias de organismos epiedáficos, com dominância de Collembola, o que resultou em menor índice de diversidade. O solo afetado pela construção civil apresentou as menores abundância e riqueza de organismos epiedáficos. A abundância, riqueza e diversidade de organismos hemiedáficos foram maiores na pastagem natural e menores no florestamento de Pinus e no solo impactado pela construção civil. A atividade biológica do solo foi maior no florestamento de Eucalyptus e menor no solo impactado pela construção civil. A abundância, riqueza e diversidade da fauna edáfica é afetada pelo uso do solo.Palavras-chave: atividade biológica do solo; bioindicadores; degradação do solo; invertebrados do solo; qualidade do solo; RELATION OF SOIL USE WITH DIVERSITY AND ACTIVITY OF EDAPHIC FAUNA ABSTRACT:This study evaluated the effect of different land uses on the abundance, richness, diversity and activity of edaphic fauna. The soil fauna was sampled in: Eucalyptus spp. afforestation, Pinus spp. afforestation, grain cropping, soil impacted by construction and natural grassland. The epiedaphic fauna was sampled by pitfalls and the hemiedaphic fauna by TSBF method. The soil biological activity was evaluated by the lamina-bait test. 5,413 epiedaphic organisms and 813 hemiedaphic organisms were collected, classified in 18 taxonomic groups. The afforestation of Pinus and Eucalyptus had the greatest abundance of epiedaphic organisms, with dominance of springtails, which resulted in a lower index of diversity. The soil affected by the construction had the lowest abundances and the richness of epiedaphic organisms. The abundance, richness and diversity of hemiedaphic organisms were higher in natural grassland; and smaller in Pinus afforestation and soil impacted by construction. Soil biological activity was higher in the Eucalyptus afforestation and lower in the soil impacted by construction. Soil use affects the abundance, richness and diversity of edaphic fauna.Keywords: soil biological activity; bioindicators; soil degradation; soil invertebrates; soil quality.

This study aims to report the occurrence of Heilipus draco in seeds of Ocotea puberula, and to describe the main injuries caused to the seeds and the effects on germination, as well as the occurrence of parasitoid hymenopterans. To this end, fruits of seven trees were selected, in the extreme south of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Fruit collection was carried out weekly in the middle third of the canopy, forming lots, from the beginning of fruit formation until total dehiscence, for two years. In order to examine the damage caused by the granivorous insects inside the fruits, 100 fruits were sectioned taking into account the batch/year with the aid of a scalpel and analyzed using a binocular stereomicroscope. In the same way, 144 fruits from each lot/year were stored individually in transparent plates in order to verify the occurrence and identification of species of granivorous insects. The proof of the influence of the injury caused to the seeds by the granivorous insects was carried out by the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds, comparing seeds with and without oviposition holes. The species H. draco was found to be associated with the fruits of O. puberula. The egg-layings are endophytic, carried out directly on the seed. Larval parasitism of Hymenoptera Bracon, Omeganastatus, Scambus and Triapsis was observed. It is concluded that the cycle from egg to adult takes place inside the seed of O. puberula, and the injuries caused by the larvae decrease germination.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE RESUMO:Este estudo objetivou relatar a ocorrência de Desmiphora (Desmiphora) lateralis Thomson, 1868 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) e caracterizar o ataque do inseto em galhos oriundos de plantas de Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) encontradas em um remanescente de vegetação secundária, localizado nas coordenadas 30°12'29"S; 53°34'21"W, no município de São Sepé, RS, Brasil. A ocorrência do inseto foi constatada a partir da emergência de oito adultos de 71 galhos coletados em dez árvores de Eugenia uniflora, em agosto de 2014. O ataque caracterizou-se pela retirada, pelo inseto, da casca externa e interna no entorno da base dos galhos até o câmbio vascular, acarretando a quebra destes. Verificou-se preferência de oviposição em galhos com diâmetros médios compreendidos entre 0,82 cm e 1,16 cm. Este é o primeiro registro de Desmiphora (D.) lateralis atacando galhos de Eugenia uniflora no sul do Brasil, estabelecendo-se como uma praga importante em termos de risco potencial para a pitangueira. Thomson, 1868 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) ABSTRACT: This study aimed at reporting the occurrence of Desmiphora (Desmiphora) lateralis