Ooencyrtus pityocampae could be an effective agent of biological control of the pine processionary caterpillar Tbaumetopoea pityocampa. Rearing experiments were carried out, leading to the following preliminary results.Adult parasitoid nutrition. No ap reciable differences in efficiency exist among the different types of diets already described for ad& Hymenoptera. In the reparation of further diets for 0. pityocampae the rotein requirements of the parasitoid should ! e taken into account. Fecundity. TRis parameter varies strongly during the adult life because of the processes of oogenesis and oosorption. The highest number of mature eggs (11 on average) in the ovaries was observed 10 days after the emergence. In presence of the host, the oogenesis is continuous and a single female can lay more than 40 eggs.Larval dia ause The winter diapause of the mature larvae of 0. pityocampae in the host eggs could be interruptefby heating them up to 28-30°C. The results of this treatment are related to the duration of the exposure of the mature larvae to cold. At least 100 days of cooling period are requested to obtain the highest number and best synchronization of emergences.Rearing on artificial substrates. 0. pityocampae can lay its eggs and develop up to the stage of mature larva in artificial eggs (synthetic membrane) filled with various types of diets. The method is promising for the utilization in mass rearing.

In many regions across the planet, flood events are now more frequent and intense because of climate change and improper land use, resulting in risks to the population. However, the procedures to accurately determine the areas at risk in regions influenced by inadequate land uses are still inefficient. In rural watersheds, inadequate uses occur when actual uses deviate from land capability, and are termed environmental land use conflicts. To overcome the difficulty to evaluate flood vulnerability under these settings, in this study a method was developed to delineate flood vulnerability areas in a land use conflict landscape: the Batatais municipality, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The method and its implementation resorted to remote sensed data, geographic information systems and geo-processing. Satellite images and their processing provided data for environmental factors such as altitude, land use, slope, and soil class in the study area. The importance of each factor for flood vulnerability was evaluated through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results, vast areas of medium to high flood vulnerability are located in agricultural lands affected by environmental land use conflicts. In these areas, amplified flood intensities, soil erosion, crop productivity loss and stream water deterioration are expected. The coverage of Batatais SP municipality by these vulnerable areas is so extensive (60%) that preventive and recovery measures were proposed in the context of a land consolidation–water management plan aiming flood control and soil and water conservation.

Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) is a polyphagous egg parasitoid, known mainly as an egg parasitoid of the Pine Processionary Caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermfiller), a pest of pines in Southern Europe and in the Mediterranean region. Rearing on artificial medium was recently undertaken, and after a large screening of both materials and techniques available for this aim, a PVC film and a medium devoid of insect material were found as suitable for the complete development of O. pityocampae. The artificial eggs allowed the parasitold to oviposit and to develop up to the adult stage. Five adults (2 males and 3 females) were obtained. Development was slower than that observed in natural hosts. Two out of three females laid viable eggs in both natural and artificial eggs.KEY-WORDS : egg parasitoid, artificial eggs, artificial medium.

In the present study, we aimed to characterize Eucalyptus resinifera wood through physical and mechanical assays and wood anatomy studies, as well as determine the relationships between the properties and anatomy of wood. We used samples collected from the area close to the bark of ten 26-year-old E. resinifera trees. We concluded that the specific gravity (G b ), compression (f c0 ), and shear parallel to grain (f v0 ) were ranked in strength classes C30, C40 and C60, respectively, and that volumetric shrinkage (VS) was ranked as high. A positive relationship between G b and f v0 results from the higher specific gravity associated with higher tissue proportion, in turn, causing higher shear strength. Higher ray frequency increases shear strength, because rays act as reinforcing elements. A negative relationship between VS and vessel diameter occurs because vessel walls are highly resistant to collapse, and since larger lumens represent a higher proportion of empty spaces, less tissue is available for shrinkage.

O presente estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros genéticos e a variabilidade entre e dentro de procedências, para caracteres silviculturais em um teste de procedências e progênies de Handroanthus vellosoi (Toledo) Mattos estabelecido na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio (SP). O teste foi instalado no delineamento experimental de blocos de famílias compactas, com duas procedências (alocadas nas parcelas), seis repetições e sub-parcelas lineares de cinco plantas, totalizando 35 progênies. O ensaio foi mensurado para os caracteres diâmetro à altura do peito, altura de planta, volume cilíndrico, forma do fuste e sobrevivência aos 24 anos de idade. Diferenças significativas entre procedências foram observadas apenas para o caráter forma do fuste. Pela análise de deviance foram detectadas diferenças significativas para o efeito de progênies para análise conjunta das procedências  (população experimental), sugerindo que esta tem alta  variação genética e indicando possibilidade de  melhoramento genético pela seleção das melhores progênies. A estimativa de herdabilidade em nível individual e média de progênies variaram de baixa a moderada (26% para DAP, 32% para altura, 24% para volume cilíndrico, 27% para forma do fuste e 46% para sobrevivência), confirmando a possibilidade de melhoramento genético por seleção e que as procedências tem potencial para responder à pressão de seleção natural.

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EFFECT OF SOIL USE ON THE QUALITY OF WATER RESOURCE IN WATERSHED USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS  MARCELO ZANATA1; TERESA CRISTINA TARLÉ PISSARRA2; ANTONIO SERGIO FERRAUDO3; MAURICIO RANZINI4 E SERGIO CAMPOS5 1 Pesquisador Científico, Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Batatais-SP, marcel_zanata@hotmail.com2 Profa. Doutora, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias –UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, teresap@fcav.unesp.br3 Prof. Doutor, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias –UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, fsajago@gmail.com4 Pesquisador Científico, Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Batatais-SP, ranzini@ig.com.br5 Prof. Titular, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas–UNESP, Botucatu, SP, seca@fca.unesp.br  1 ABSTRACT Changes in soil use  in  protected areas modify the landscape, and therefore, monitoring water quality in headwaters is essential to improve the population health and control water pollution. The objective of this study was to determine environmental changes as a result of soil use, evaluating physical and chemical characteristics of the water of the drainage network in watersheds.  The study was conducted to determine the effects of soil use in watersheds with first order streams, related with management practices of water quality, according to the strategic  importance  for the supplying source. Watersheds are predominantly covered by sugar cane, reforested with Pinus and native forest.   Temperature (TºC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were the parameters determined in the   headwaters. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (T) were obtained in the lab. The majority of variables and factors were explained by changes in soil use associated with management practices. Two factors resulting from the multivariate analysis showed direct correlation with SDT, CE and pH variables, which shows surface runoff with possible water nitrification of a watershed planted with sugarcane. The second factor showed direct correlation between TCº and T variables, while both were negatively correlated with DO, which shows the seasonality effect on one of the watersheds reforested with Pinus.  The results highlight   management practices in  conservation and maintenance planning of forested areas surrounding headwaters as indicators for higher quality of natural water. Keywords: Pinus, sugar cane, nitrification, seasonal variation ZANATA, M.; PISSARRA, T. C. T.; FERRAUDO, A. S.; RANZINI, M.; CAMPOS, S.EFEITO DO USO DO SOLO NA QUALIDADE DO RECURSO HÍDRICO UTILIZANDO ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA MULTIVARIADA  2 RESUMO Mudanças no uso do solo ao longo das áreas protegidas modificam a paisagem, assim o monitoramento da qualidade das águas das nascentes torna-se essencial para melhorar a saúde da população e controlar a poluição dessas águas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar alterações ambientais devido ao uso do solo, avaliando características físicas e químicas da água da rede de drenagem de microbacias. O trabalho foi realizado para estudar os efeitos do uso do solo em microbacias de primeira ordem, relacionado com práticas de gestão da qualidade da água, de acordo com a importância estratégica para a fonte de abastecimento; as microbacias são predominantemente ocupadas com cana de açúcar, reflorestadas com Pinus e com mata nativa. Os parâmetros, de temperatura (T), pH, condutividade elétrica (CE) e sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT) foram determinados nas águas das nascentes. O oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e a turbidez (t) foram obtidos em laboratório. As variáveis e os fatores foram explicados por mudanças decorrentes do uso do solo associados às práticas de gestão. Dois fatores resultantes da análise multivariada, mostraram correlação direta com as variáveis SDT, CE e pH, evidenciando o escoamento superficial com possível nitrificação da água de uma microbacia plantada com cana de açúcar. O segundo fator mostrou correlação direta entre as variáveis T e t enquanto ambos estavam negativamente correlacionada com OD, mostrando o efeito da sazonalidade sobre uma das microbacias reflorestadas com Pinus. Os resultados destacam as práticas de gestão no planejamento da conservação e a manutenção de áreas florestais ao redor das nascentes, como indicadores para melhor qualidade da água natural. Palavras-chave: Pinus, cana de açúcar, nitrificação, sazonalidade.

R ESU M ONo intuito de verificar a influência da escala na análise física de bacias hidrográficas utilizou-se o método da análise morfométrica visando aos dados quantitativos e, com isto, diferenciar áreas homogêneas dentro desta unidade territorial. Entre as variáveis estudadas estão as dimensionais, as do padrão de drenagem e as do relevo. A área de estudo é a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Cachoeira. As bases cartográficas na escala 1:50000 (IBGE) e 1:10000 (IGC) foram utilizadas para a hierarquização da rede de drenagem e para a análise morfométrica. A microbacia se caracteriza por se tratar de uma drenagem fluvial exorreica, com rios consequentes e drenagem dendrítica. O baixo valor do fator de forma indica uma bacia mais alongada e com menor risco de enchentes sazonais. Os valores de densidade de drenagem, frequência de rios e razão de bifurcação, são considerados baixos e indicam a formação de solo sobre rocha permeável. Os baixos valores para a razão de relevo e a razão de relevo relativo, sugerem uma microbacia com relevo relativamente suave. O detalhamento da cartografia com a referência terrestre revelou maior número de compartimentos hidrológicos e aumentou o comprimento da rede de drenagem refletindo, assim, em alterações sutis nos resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas analisadas. Palavras-chave: morfometria, padrão de drenagem, cartografia oficialScale influence in morphometric analysis of the watersheds A B ST R A C T In order to verify the different scales in physical analysis of watersheds, the geomorphic quantitative analysis was done to distinguish homogeneous areas within this land unit. The variables studied were the dimensions, drainage pattern and relief characteristics. The study area is the watershed of the Córrego da Cachoeira, São Paulo State, Brazil. The cartographic scale 1:50000 (IBGE) and 1:10000 (IGC) were used to delineate the drainage network and study the morphometric characteristics. The watershed is characterized as an exoreic, fluvial drainage with consequent streams and drainage pattern. The values of the drainage density, frequency of rivers and the ratio of bifurcation are considered low, indicating the formation of the soil on permeable rock. The low values suggested a watershed with relatively mild relief. The detail of the cartography mapping analysed with field study data showed higher values of hydrological compartments and length of the drainage network, reflecting changes in the results obtained on the physical variables analysed.