Dipteryx alata Vog. presents an excellent economic potential because of its multiple uses. However, it is currently threatened as a result of the degradation of the biome in which it occurs, the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, our goal was to provide subsidies for future breeding and ex situ conservation programs of D. alata. We evaluated genetic variation in growth, stem form, and wood quality traits in a progeny and provenance test planted in a random complete block design. The traits were measured in 37-year-old trees. Significant effect for provenance was obtained for all evaluated traits except bifurcation, but progeny effect was significant only for acoustic wave velocity (AWV). The estimates of individual narrow sense heritability were of low magnitude for all traits except AWV (0.24 ± 0.09). Eleven groups were formed based on Mahalanobis genetic distance with 83.1% of progenies allocated to one group. Dipteryx alata has genetic variability between progenies and provenances that can be explored to obtain genetic gain, especially for AWV. We also recommend the use of multi-trait selection index to obtain gains for both growth and wood quality traits. Controlled pollination between individuals from different progeny groups would increase variability in next generation breeding. Study Implications Dipteryx alata is a tree species that presents multiple uses and is threatened as a result of the devastation of the Brazilian Cerrado. We evaluated genetic variation in growth, stem form, and wood quality traits in a progeny and provenance test planted 37 years ago. We found genetic differences among progenies only for the wood quality trait, which can be explored to obtain genetic gains. The test is better suited for ex situ conservation, and the infusion of novel sources of germplasm is necessary for future generations of breeding.
Resin tapping is an activity designed to extract resin from trees, especially species of the genus Pinus. Current systems of tapping and collecting resin are well known, but further study is needed to make these systems more efficient and profitable for producers. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of five resin tapping systems during five different collection periods on the production and growth of resin trees for a population of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii planted in Itapetininga, SP. Resining affects tree growth, especially in diameter. Results showed that system 4, with eight panels on each plant and four on each side, presented the highest average production of resin per tree, while system 1, with 2 panels on each plant and 1 on each side, presented the lowest average resin production per tree. It was concluded that resin production is dependent on the system employed, time of collection, and their interactions.
This paper aimed to determine the quality indexes for paper and cellulose based on the fiber features from two wood species of interest, Eucalyptus pellita and E. tereticornis. The mean annual increment (IMA) was calculated by measuring DBH and Height (25 years), a 10 cm disk from each tree was collected for density determinations and anatomical studies for cellulose and paper. Tree height, trunk diameter at 1.30 m in height (DBH), and volume per tree were higher in E. pellita when compared to E. tereticornis. The volume per hectare and average annual increment were higher in E. tereticornis compared to E. pellita. Based on the quality indexes calculated from fiber dimensions, we did not observe any variation in flexibility coefficient between the two species; however, this index was more heterogeneous with the lowest value in E. tereticornis pith. Eucalyptus pellita showed a lower wall fraction value, including a lower overall value in pith. The Runkel index was lowest in E. pellita; in addition, the highest value, above 1, was found in pith position in E. tereticornis. The slenderness index did not differ between species and it was not possible to detect which had performed better. The results indicate that E. pellita and E. tereticornis have potential for the production of paper with high mechanical resistance, such as writing, printing and packaging. The wood of both species has potential for use in producing paper and cellulose.
Based on the use of Hevea brasiliensis in latex production, the species has a consolidated role in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the production cycle, which lasts from 25 to 30 years, resulting wood, in general, has no added value and is normally used for firewood, without further exploring its technological properties. Seeking to introduce this species into the pulp and paper industry, we aimed to determine the fiber quality of 20 commercial clones. Wood samples were collected from planted trees (11 to 12 years old) in the municipality of Selvíria - MS. We calculated wood quality indexes of H. brasiliensis for cellulose and paper, including Flexibility coefficient, Wall proportion, Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio (Aspect ratio), and Luce's Shape Factor. The fiber quality indexes that best indicate the potential use of wood from Hevea brasiliensis clones for cellulose and paper production were Wall Fraction, Runkel Ratio and Luce's Shape Factor, indicating that H. brasiliensis fibers, if used for proper industrial purposes, will give origin of a rigid paper with greater bonding contact on the surface. The clones that presented better results for fiber quality indexes were IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 and RRIM 725. Enabling the use of wood after the latex exploratory cycle for pulp and paper will serve as a basis for genetic improvement of these clones and expansion of forest plantations for this purpose.
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