A new orchid species, Vanilla arcuata, native from costal plane (“restinga” vegetation) of the Atlantic rainforests in the State of São Paulo, Brazil is described and illustrated. The relationship of V. arcuata with other related taxa of the genus is discussed.
Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. is recorded for the first time in South America, in São Paulo State (Brazil), the southernmost record for the species. It also occurs in Asia, northern Oceania, North America and the Caribbean. A historical record of the geographical expansion of Z. strateumatica is outlined with emphasis on the New World.
-(Rediscovery of Centroglossa macroceras Barb. Rodr. and Thysanoglossa jordanensis Porto & Brade.(Orchidaceae), two micro-orchids presumably extinct in the State of São Paulo, Brazil). The rediscovery of Centroglossa macroceras and Thysanoglossa jordanensis in São Paulo State is reported. The two species were cited in the list of threatened flora species in São Paulo State in Presumably Extinct category, due to the lack of collections in state during the last 50 years. Both species were rediscovered in municipality of São José dos Campos, district of São Francisco Xavier, in Mantiqueira Range. After this rediscovery, these species must be considered as Critically Endangered, due to their restricted occurrence and low number of observed specimens. Centroglossa macroceras is also lectotipified.
A new species of Aspidogyne from the Atlantic Forest in Caraguatatuba, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, is proposed, described, illustrated and compared with closely related species. A key to the sympatric species of Goodyerinae is also provided. Aspidogyne caraguatatubensis is easily recognized by its small size, lip shape and the absence of rostellum. Among congeners, the new species resembles A. argentea, which differs by its larger size, flower color, lip with truncated apex and developed rostellum.
The leafless condition is present in two neotropical epiphyte genera of Orchidaceae, Campylocentrum and Dendrophylax. Only the first one is reported from Brazil, where seven leafless species are recorded, and four of them are endemic. This study describes two new species of Campylocentrum from the Atlantic forest of São Paulo state and Amazon forest of Acre, Mato Grosso and Rondônia states. It also provides a key to the Brazilian species of leafless Campylocentrum, illustrations, and a discussion of the affinities of the new species with allied ones.
A new species of Stelis from Brazil is described and illustrated. Stelis concava is the third species of the S. sect. Humboldtia known in Brazil and the first described in the Atlantic Forest.
Pygmaeorchis Brade (1939: 42) is a rare genus endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The two known species are exclusively found in the montane areas of the Minas Gerais (MG) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) states (Withner 1990, van den Berg 2006). The first species to be recognized, Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis Brade (1939: 43), was described on the basis of collections made in the rainforests at Serra dos Órgãos and Itatiaia (RJ). While the second, P. seidelii Toscano de Brito & Moutinho Neto (1981: 194), was found as an epiphyte on Velloziaceae in Ouro Preto (MG) (Fig. 1).
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