No abstract

We present novelties in Thismiaceae for the south of the Brazilian Amazon, resulting from botanical expeditions in the north of the Mato Grosso State. The occurrence of four species is recorded: Thismia hyalina; T. melanomitra; T. singeri and a species new to science: T. ribeiroi. These are the first records of the family Thismiaceae, as well as of the genus Thismia and these species for the Mato Grosso State. Thismia melanomitra is a new species for the flora of Brazil and T. singeri is the second record of the species for Brazil. In this study, we also describe and illustrate the new species Thismia ribeiroi.

The jewel orchids (Goodyerinae), named after their often colourful leaves, have a pantropical distribution with a clear Asian centre of diversity. However, the Nearctic and Neotropical America together form a second centre of diversity, with one-third of known species of Goodyerinae. Previously, only a few American samples have been included in phylogenetic studies, and their putatively Asian origins and American divergence times were poorly known. To elucidate these topics, we inferred phylogenetic trees, performed molecular dating and reconstructed biogeographic history using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences for 34 species of Goodyerinae from the New World and 76 previously published accessions of Cranichideae. Our well-supported phylogenetic topology suggests two independent dispersal events to the New World from the Indomalesian region during the Miocene. The first inferred dispersal of a Neotropical clade diverged c. 11 Mya from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), comprising three highly supported subclades that do not match the limits of Aspidogyne, Kreodanthus and Microchilus as previously circumscribed. The second dispersal involved a largely Nearctic clade of Goodyera s.l. diverging c. 8.4 Mya from the MRCA and exhibiting a complex biogeographic history with subsequent dispersals between the Nearctic and Indomalesia. The occurrence of these species in gallery forests putatively prevented vicariance events imposed by the expansion of the Chacoan region as previously detected for epiphytic Orchidaceae. Eighty-nine nomenclatural combinations and three new names in Microchilus are proposed.

A new subspecies of Passiflora garckei (Passifloraceae) in Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. Furthermore, the lectotype of P. gardneri is herein designated and its geographical distribution is expanded to the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Thismia singeri, is described for the first time for Brazil, being the first record of this family for Para Śtate and the third record for this rare species in nature. In Para ´state, northern Brazil, this species was found growing in Itaituba municipality near the River Tapajo ´s, in a well preserved submontane rain forest with a dense canopy. Due to the holotype is incomplete, we provide a more comprehensive description for this species based on complete individuals, thus clarifying some aspects of its morphology such as the parietal placenta, the root system, and tepal morphology. This is the second species of Thismiaceae described for Amazonia. Thismia hyalina, the other Amazonian species, is easily distinguished from T. singeri by its tubers, leaves inserted just below the flower, the latter with two tepal whorls, the upper one clawed, reniform and erect, and the lower one linear triangular.

We present the first record of Maxillaria aureoglobula from Brazil, found at Mato Grosso State, in Southern Amazon. A description, illustration, photos and comments about the species are provided. rEsuMo. Apresentamos o primeiro registro de Maxillaria aureoglobula para o Brasil, encontrado no estado do Mato Grosso, na Amazônia meridional. É apresentada a descrição, ilustração, prancha fotográfica e comentários da espécie estudada.

ResumoDevido à existência de lacunas sobre o conhecimento do gênero Coryanthes no Mato Grosso, é apresentado o estudo taxonômico das espécies encontradas no estado, além de comentários taxonômicos, ecológicos e históricos. Registramos a ocorrência de quatro espécies do gênero: C. speciosa redescoberta após 87 anos das expedições de Frederico Carlos Hoehne na área; C. dasilvae e C. macrantha novos registros para a região Centro-Oeste do Brasil e C. wenzeliana descrita recentemente, conhecida até então apenas pelo exemplar tipo. Durante esse estudo também foi constatado que o tipo de C. macrantha foi destruído, sendo um lectótipo designado aqui. Palavras-chave: Cerrado, Cymbidieae, Epidendroideae, flora, Floresta Amazônica. AbstractDue to knowledge gaps on the genus Coryanthes from the state of Mato Grosso, is provided a taxonomic study of the species from the state, including ecological, historical and taxonomic comments. Four species of the genus are treated: C. speciosa rediscovered in the state after 87 years of Frederico Carlos Hoehne's expeditions; C. dasilvae and C. macrantha new records to the Central-Western region of Brazil and C. wenzeliana recently described species, known only from the type specimen. During this study we also discovered that the type of C. macrantha was destroyed, and a lectotype for this name was designed here.

We present a list of species of ferns and lycophytes from Carambeí, a municipality located in Paraná state, southern Brazil. This area, locally known as “Campos Gerais”, presents an intricate mosaic of forests and savannah with several canyons and humid valleys that harbors a rich and unique vegetation in Southern Brazil. In total, we found 129 species (119 ferns and 10 lycophytes), distributed in 18 families and 59 genera, and 20% (26 spp.) of which are endemic to Brazil. The most expressive families were Polypodiaceae (19 spp.), Pteridaceae (18 spp.) and Thelypteridaceae (15 spp.). The most representative genera were Asplenium (8 spp. - 6.2%) and Amauropelta (8 spp - 6.2%). Terrestrial herbs, epiphytes and lithophytes are the most common guild of life forms, successively. The richest environments were woody forest (61% of the species) and herbaceous-shrubby (12%). Arachniodes denticulata, Phlegmariurus flexibilis and P. Heterocarpon are the second record in the “Campos Gerais” region. We also provide photographic plates with diagnostic characters for most of the species.