Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

This work presented the inventory of ferns and lycophytes of Jaú, São Paulo state. Sixty-eight species of ferns and one of lycophyte were recorded, distributed in 16 families and 32 genera. The richest families were Pteridaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 15 species each, Polypodiaceae (7spp.), Blechnaceae and Dryopteridaceae (5 spp. each). The most common guild of life form was terrestrial herbs with 57 species, followed by epiphytes (6 spp.), arborescent, aquatic and lithophytes (2 spp. each) and hemiepiphytes and scandents with one species each. The analysis of the geographical distribution showed that 46% of the species (32 spp.) occur in the Neotropics, 20 species occurs in Southern America, eight are endemic of Brazil, five pantropical and four are exotic. This study can further collaborate in the protection and preservation of the few remnants which represent probably the last areas where some species of these groups of plants occurring in the municipality.

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We present a list of species of ferns and lycophytes from Carambeí, a municipality located in Paraná state, southern Brazil. This area, locally known as “Campos Gerais”, presents an intricate mosaic of forests and savannah with several canyons and humid valleys that harbors a rich and unique vegetation in Southern Brazil. In total, we found 129 species (119 ferns and 10 lycophytes), distributed in 18 families and 59 genera, and 20% (26 spp.) of which are endemic to Brazil. The most expressive families were Polypodiaceae (19 spp.), Pteridaceae (18 spp.) and Thelypteridaceae (15 spp.). The most representative genera were Asplenium (8 spp. - 6.2%) and Amauropelta (8 spp - 6.2%). Terrestrial herbs, epiphytes and lithophytes are the most common guild of life forms, successively. The richest environments were woody forest (61% of the species) and herbaceous-shrubby (12%). Arachniodes denticulata, Phlegmariurus flexibilis and P. Heterocarpon are the second record in the “Campos Gerais” region. We also provide photographic plates with diagnostic characters for most of the species.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi inventariar as samambaias e licófitas de um fragmento de floresta paludosa, no Município de Dois Córregos, São Paulo, Brasil, além de fornecer dados sobre as guildas de formas de vida, distribuição geográfica, chave para identificação e comentários dos táxons. Foram encontrados 54 táxons, incluindo 51 espécies, uma variedade, uma subespécie e um suposto híbrido. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Amauropelta, Meniscium e Pleopeltis. As espécies herbáceas terrícolas e neotropicais foram as mais representativas com 75,9% e 44,4%, respectivamente. As florestas paludosas também apresentam uma alta diversidade de espécies quando comparadas com a floresta estacional semidecidual do interior do Estado, provavelmente devido à disponibilidade de água durante todo o ano. Desta maneira, fica evidente a importância destes remanescentes na conservação das samambaias e licófitas no interior do Estado de São Paulo e, por isso, devem ser preservados.

O Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira é um importante remanescente de Floresta Atlântica, pois abriga grande biodiversidade e, junto com outras Unidades de Conservação em seu entorno, constitui um dos maiores maciços desta formação no país. O Parque está localizado na porção sudeste do Estado de São Paulo e é predominantemente constituído por Floresta Atlântica, a qual é responsávelpor abrigar um importante número de espécies de samambaias e licófitas, onde estas plantas consttuem um elemento conspícuo da flora no subosque. Embora muitos levantamentos florísticos tenhamsido publicados para áreas de Floresta Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo, poucos fornecem meios paraa identificação das espécies. O objetivo principal no presente estudo é apresentar uma chave para a identificação de 251 espécies de samambaias e licófitas encontradas no Parque. Além disso, foram feitastambém comparações entre as espécies encontradas e taxa próximos, além de dados sobre os ambientes de ocorrência das espécies na área de estudo.

Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time‐consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self‐reports by co‐authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second‐ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower–invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower–invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard‐to‐access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.

A arborização urbana exerce um papel fundamental no contexto urbano, podendo trazer diversos benefícios, mas não tem sido encarada como prioridade na maioria das cidades, que não apresentam planejamento de sua arborização. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo objetivou inventariar as espécies de árvores, palmeiras e cicas encontradas em quatro praças localizadas no Município de Jaú, além de averiguar a origem de cada uma, suas abundâncias e frequências. Para isso, todos os indivíduos arbóreos encontrados nas Praças Francisco Pinto, João Paulo II, Ângelo Grizzo e da Escola Técnica Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral foram inventariados durante os anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram encontrados 760 indivíduos de 107 espécies distribuídas em 38 famílias e 85 gêneros. As famílias Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae e Moraceae foram as mais representativas, correspondendo juntas a 48,4%. As quatro praças surpreenderam quanto ao número de espécies, bem maior que o encontrado em vários outros estudos. Dentre as espécies encontradas 46% são nativas do Brasil enquanto 54% são exóticas, números condizentes com os resultados mais equilibrados observados em outros estudos. Portanto, a riqueza de espécies utilizadas na arborização destas praças de Jaú pode ser considerada elevada e o grande número de espécies exóticas pode trazer problemas.