PRODUÇÃO DE FRUTOS DE PIMENTÃO EM DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES SALINAS. Marcelo Leonardo1; Fernando Broetto2; Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas3; Rafael Simões Almeida2; José Abramo Marchese4.1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, marceloleonardo@fca.unesp.br2Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP3UNESP-FCA, Departamento de Recursos Naturais / Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP4Laboratório Bioquímica e Fisiologia Vegetal CEFET-PR 1 RESUMO Utilizou-se a técnica de fertirrigação para conduzir experimento com pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) híbrido Elisa. O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar impactos quantitativos na produção de frutos, em função do aumento da concentração salina no solo. Desta forma as concentrações de sais foram alteradas a partir da variação do fornecimento de KCl e Ca2NO3. Com esta variação, obtiveram-se valores elevados de condutividade elétrica no solo (CE), tomando-se a CE observada na fertirrigação tradicional, como controle (1,5 dS m-1). Além disso, verificou-se a possibilidade de atenuação do estresse salino com a aplicação de matéria orgânica no solo. Observou-se que os níveis de CE mantidos na cultura correlacionaram-se inversamente ao índice de pegamento e peso médio de frutos, sendo que para o tratamento mais severo aplicado (6,0 dS m-1) os frutos apresentaram redução de até 58% em peso médio e 55% em número de frutos por planta, comparado ao tratamento controle. Baseado nesses resultados demonstrou-se que a variação da CE na solução do solo interferiu drasticamente nos parâmetros de produção avaliados. UNITERMOS: Capsicum annuum L., fertirrigação, condutividade elétrica do solo, cultivo protegido. LEONARDO, M.; BROETTO, F.; VILLAS BOAS, R.L.; ALMEIDA, R.S.; MARCHESE, J.A. PRODUCTION OF FRUITS OF BELL PEPPER IN DIFFERENT SALINE CONCENTRATIONS. 2 ABSTRACT An experiment with an Elisa hybrid sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop using fertirrigation system was carried out in greenhouse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative effects of an increasing soil saline concentration on the production. The saline concentration was changed by the variation of the KCl and Ca2NO3 concentration in order to obtain high soil electrical conductivity (EC) values. Standard fertigation system (1.5 dS m-1) values were used as control parameters. Besides that, the possibility of saline stress attenuation by applying organic material into the soil was studied. It was observed that the EC levels used in the crop were inversely correlated to the fructification index and the fruit mean weight. Under the most severe treatment (6.0 dS m-1) the fruit mean weight was reduced up to 58 % and the mean produced fruit number per plant was also reduced up to 55 %, when compared to the obtained results under controlled conditions. These results demonstrated that the EC variation in the soil solution had strong interference on the production parameters selected for the studies. KEYWORDS: Capsicum annuum L., fertirrigation, soil electrical conductivity; protected cultivation
RESUMOO uso das técnicas de fertirrigação em ambiente protegido vem aumentando no Brasil devido à praticidade de condução e redução dos custos de produção. Apesar dessas vantagens, salienta-se que esta prática também pode trazer riscos, principalmente pelo acúmulo de sais na superfície do solo e na região periférica do bulbo radicular. Em caso de salinização do solo pelo manejo incorreto do sistema podem ocorrer alterações na disponibilidade de nutrientes, com conseqüências fisiológicas no desenvolvimento das plantas. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) como planta-modelo para estudos da interferência da salinidade na nutrição das plantas, pela alteração da condutividade elétrica (CE) na solução do solo. Os resultados revelaram indícios de antagonismo entre nutrientes, notadamente entre as formas catiônicas em razão do aumento da concentração de KCl nos tratamentos com alta CE. A suplementação do solo com adubo orgânico não atenuou os efeitos do aumento da concentração salina e os valores extremos de CE interferiram drasticamente na produção.Palavras-chave: Capsicum annuum L., estresse salino, fertirrigação, nutrição de plantas. ABSTRACT NUTRITIONAL CONDITION AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BELL PEPPER PLANTS CONDUCED IN FERTIGATION SYSTEM DURING INDUCTION OF SALINE STRESS IN PROTECTED CULTIVATIONThe use of fertigation techniques in greenhouse is increasing in Brazil due to the facilities and reduction of the costs of production. In spite of these advantages, it is pointed out that this practice can also bring risks, mainly for the accumulation of salts in the surface of the soil and in the peripheric root site of the bulb. In case of soil salinization due to incorrect handling of the system, it can happen alterations in the disponibility of nutrients, with physiological consequences to the development of the plants. In this research, the bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was used as model for studies of the interference of the salinity in plant nutrition and yield. The obtained results revealed some antagonism among nutrients, especially among the cationic forms due to the increase of the KCl concentration in the treatments with high EC. The supplying of the soil with organic matter did not attenuate the effects of the increase of the saline concentration and the extreme values of EC interfered drastically in the production.Key words: Capsicum annuum L., salt stress, fertigation, plant nutrition.
Isotope screening is a simple test for determining the photosynthetic pathway used by plants. The scope of this work was to classify the photosynthetic type of some herbs and medicinal plants through studies of the carbon isotope composition ( 13 C). Also, we propose the use of carbon isotope composition as a tool to control the quality of herbs and medicinal plants. For studies of 13 C, 13 C‰ = [R (sample)/R (standard) -1] × 10 -3 , dry leaves powdered in cryogenic mill were analyzed in a mass spectrometer coupled with an elemental analyzer for determining the ratio R = 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 . In investigation of 13 C of 55 species, 23 botanical families, and 44 species possessed a C 3 photosynthetic type. Six species found among the botanical families Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae were C 4 plants, and 5 species found among the botanical families Agavaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Liliaceae possessed CAM-type photosynthesis. Carbon isotope composition of plants can be used as quality control of herbs and medicinal plants, allowing the identification of frauds or contaminations. Also, the information about the photosynthetic type found for these plants can help in introducing and cultivating exotic and wild herbs and medicinal plants.
SUMMARYThe greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).Key words: crop production, enzymes, fertigation, plant stress. RESUMEN La producción en invernadero asociada al manejo de fertirriego se ha establecido en Brasil como una alternativa económica para varias especies hortícolas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar posibles impactos en el metabolismo en plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa). En respuesta al aumento de la concentración mineral del suelo debido al fertirriego durante los ensayos, fueron alteradas las concentraciones de nutrientes para inducir altos valores de conductividad eléctrica (CE) en
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