Objective.-To investigate the relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and report of morning headaches, and associations with depression and/or anxiety.Background. -The association between sleep bruxism and headaches in the morning, and between these factors and affective disorders, has been examined in several investigations. Although headache is cited by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a symptom associated with sleep bruxism, only a small number of studies have investigated the association between the frequencies of headaches in the morning and bruxism.Methods.-This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between August 2017 and May 2018 in the municipality of Curitiba, Brazil. It comprised individuals of both sexes, ages between 18 and 65 years, with no restriction of race, skin color, or social group (n = 149). Structured questionnaires were used to survey demographic characteristics, sleep bruxism, depression, and anxiety. Self-reports and clinical examinations were used together to diagnose probable sleep bruxism and assess the frequency of this condition. The presence or absence of morning headaches and their frequency were evaluated using a self-report question. It was applied to people with anxiety and/or depression and to free controls of the general population by a trained dentist.Results.-A significant relationship (P ˂ .001 -Chi-square test) was found between the frequency of sleep bruxism and morning headaches. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with the presence of headache (P ˂ .001 -One way ANOVA), but not with the frequency of sleep bruxism.Conclusion.-The present study confirms the hypothesis of a direct relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and the frequency of morning headaches. It also confirmed a linear association between mean depression scores, mean anxiety scores, and morning headaches.
Introduction / Objective: Based on the assumption that pain can be perceived as punishment (pain = penalty), and that this concept of guilt is present in the Judeo-Christian civilization, we decided to review the literature on relevant religious and guilt - which is also a source of suffering - in the management of chronic pain. Methodology. Three searches were carried out that included all articles listed until July 2021 within the PUBMED database. MeshTerm and Boolean operators were used in the following combinations: chronic pain AND religion AND guilt NOT yoga NOT meditation; Chronic pain AND religion NOT yoga NOT meditation; chronic pain AND guilt. Results. Studies carried out in different countries point to the relevance of the chronic relationship of chronic pain to the patient, interfering in a positive way in their evolution, without, however, investigating their relationship with feelings of guilt. Conclusions. The literature is rich in articles on the influence of religiosity in coping with pain, but mentions of feelings of guilt are limited to a single article.
O zumbido é considerado o terceiro sintoma otorrinolaringológico mais frequente na busca de ajuda médica. Sabe-se que o zumbido tem sido associado a condições psiquiátricas, principalmente depressão e ansiedade. Além disso, a dificuldade de lidar com o incômodo, interfere negativamente na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Na prática clínica, não é incomum pacientes se referirem ao zumbido crônico como uma penitência. Uma penitência pressupõe culpa, um sintoma também relacionado à depressão. Esta revisão tem como objetivo rastrear estudos sobre o papel da culpa no psiquismo de pacientes com zumbido. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica para analisar as possíveis correlações de depressão, ansiedade e culpa em pacientes com zumbido crônico. A revisão chama a atenção para os profissionais da saúde para a importância de compreender o psiquismo dos pacientes com zumbido e para esclarecer a percepção de sua condição como uma espécie de punição.
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