ABSTRACT. The literature indicates that cognitive stimulation interventions have shown promising results. Abacus represents a tool with great potential in such interventions. Objectives: To carry out a systematic review of studies published in recent years that entailed the delivery of a cognitive training program using an abacus to boost target cognitive abilities of older persons and also other age groups, with or without cognitive impairment. Methods: A systematic review study was conducted in July 2020 involving PubMed, MedLine, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Results: A total of 29 studies were retrieved, of which 8 aimed to identify the effect of abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) for different age groups and to determine its applicability as a method of cognitive stimulation for older adults. In AMC technique, participants first learn to use the physical abacus (PA) and after achieving proficiency they perform calculations using a mental image of the device, manipulating the beads of the so-called mental abacus (MA). Conclusions: The number of studies addressing abacus use as a cognitive training tool was rather limited, considering the relevance of the theme. Their interventions have shown benefits for cognitive functioning of individuals of various age groups, including older adults with cognitive impairment. Future studies that involve larger samples of healthy and/or cognitively impaired older adults with a longitudinal design and a more elaborate methodological design are suggested.
INTRODUÇÃOO primeiro relato da luxação traumática atlanto-occipital (LTAO) ocorreu em 1908, no qual um marinheiro de 19 anos de idade sofreu acidente durante a prática de exercícios de ginástica (1) . O paciente, que apresentava quadriplegia completa e insuficiência respirató-ria, foi a óbito após ser submetido a laminectomia descompressiva.A luxação traumática atlanto-occipital é lesão rara e sua incidência exata permanece desconhecida. Nas vítimas fatais de acidente automobilístico foi observada incidência de 20-25% de LTAO, documentada por exames radiográficos (2) . Em nosso meio, não verificamos na literatura pertinente relatos desse tipo de lesão.Os pacientes que sobrevivem a essa lesão apresentam quadro clínico variado que não se correlaciona com o tipo da lesão atlanto-occipital. Os sintomas incluem dor cervical associada à limitação da mobilidade, torcicolo, paralisia dos nervos cranianos, sinais e sintomas sistêmicos de isquemia da circulação vertebrobasilar, déficit neurológico e coma (3)(4) . Os sobreviventes com ausência completa de lesão neurológica são raros (4) .
RESUMOA luxação traumática atlanto-occipital é lesão rara, de incidência desconhecida e está associada a elevada taxa de mortalidade. Os autores relatam o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento de dois anos de uma paciente de 25 anos de idade, vítima de acidente automobilístico e luxação atlanto-occipital traumática confirmada por exames de imagem.Descritores -Articulação atlanto-occipital /lesões; Traumatismos da coluna vertebral / diagnóstico; Traumatismos da coluna vertebral / cirurgia; Relato de casos [Tipo de publicação]
ABSTRACTTraumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is a rare lesion whose incidence is not know, and which is
ABSTRACT. Studies show that aging is accompanied by losses in cognitive functions and that interventions can increase performance and/or support the maintenance of cognitive skills in the elderly. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of long-term studies involving cognitive training (CT) in older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review of controlled studies was published in scientific journals from 2000 onward, with duration ≥6 months, CT intervention, cognitively normal (CN) or MCI participants aged ≥60 years, and assessments using cognitive and/or neuropsychological tests. Results: A total of 32 studies were reviewed, comprising 10 on study protocols, 14 in CN older adults (no MCI and/or dementia), and 8 in older adults with MCI or at risk for dementia. Conclusions: The studies reported improvements in cognitive performance for some motor abilities, among older participants of CT with or without booster sessions, including multimodal interventions or otherwise.
Objective: To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of the spinal Kyphosis using the Ponte's technique (multiple posterior osteotomies). Methods: Ten patients (8 with Scheuermann's kyphosis and 2 with kyphosis after laminectomy) submitted to surgical correction of kyphotic deformity greater than 70° were retrospectively assessed. The age at the surgical time ranged from 12 to 20 years old (mean age16.8 years ± 2.89). The radiographic parameters evaluated were the kyphosis, the lordosis and the scoliosis – whenever present. The presence of proximal and distal junctional kyphosis, loss of correction, and complications as implants loosening and breakage were also assessed. The radiographic parameters were evaluated at the preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative time. Results: The patients were followed through a period that ranged from 24 to 144 months (65.8 ±39.92). The mean value of the kyphosis was 78.8° ± 7.59° (Cobb) before surgery and 47.5° ± 12.54° at late follow up, with mean correction of 33.9° ± 9.53° and lost correction of 2.2°. Conclusion: The surgical treatment of the thoracic kyphosis using multiples posterior osteotomies presented a good correction of the deformity and minimal lost of correction during follow up.
Objetivo: Avaliar por meio de histomorfometria, a espessura da placa vertebral terminal, a espessura do disco intervertebral e a sua correlação nas diferentes faixas etárias, tentando identificar a sua correlação. Métodos: Foram avaliados os segmentos cervicais C4-C5 e C5-C6 de 50 cadáveres humanos , de ambos os sexos, divididos em 5 grupos com intervalo de faixa etária de 10 anos, a partir dos 21 anos de idade. A avaliação da espessura da PVT e do disco intervertebral foi realizada por meio de avaliação histomorfométrica dos cortes histológicos corados pela hematoxilina e eosina. A espessura da PVT inferior de C4, PVT superior de C5, PVT inferior de C5 e PVT superior de C6 foram comparadas entre si e também com a espessura do disco intervertebral interposto entre as respectivas PVT. Resultados: A espessura das placas vertebrais terminais adjacentes ao mesmo DI não apresentou diferença estatística. No entanto, a comparação da espessura das placas vertebrais superior e inferior da mesma vértebra cervical (C5), apresentou diferença estatística em todas as faixas etárias avaliadas. Foi observado coeficiente de correlação estatística, maior que 80%, entre a espessura da avaliacão da Placa verTebral Terminal na coluna cervical em diferenTes faixas eTárias e sua correlação com a esPessura do disco inTerverTebral
EVALUATION OF TERMINAL VERTEBRAL PLATE ON CERVICAL SPINE AT DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH INTERVERTEBRAL DISC THICKNESS
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