Background. Emerging extraction techniques for bioactive compounds have been cataloged as efficient and cost effective compared to conventional ones. The objective of this research was to define the time and temperature that will guarantee a higher mangiferin content and antioxidant potential in Colombian Criollo mango peel through Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Materials and methods. To find the optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology was used, proposing a 3 2 factorial experimental design having as response variables the content of mangiferin and total phenols, and the antioxidant activity measured through ABTS and ORAC techniques. Results. According to the results obtained, the R 2 values were in accordance with the adjusted R 2 values, showing that the data fit the model well. The results showed that both time and temperature had a significant effect on all the variables evaluated (p < 0.05). The optimization of multiple responses showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 10 min and 54°C; these values were performed experimentally to compare theoretical values, finding percentages of standard residual error of less than 5%. Conclusion. This allows the conclusion that the optimal parameters of temperature and time in ultrasoundassisted extraction were defined in Criollo mango peel. On the other hand, the peel showed a considerable metabolite content and antioxidant activity, suggesting it as a possible functional additive in the production of juices, nectars, and other mango-based products.
The endemic Chilean edible plant Gunnera tinctoria (Nalca) is highly appreciated in the south of Chile by the small farmers. Nevertheless, no background exists about his secondary metabolites. In the present study, in the leaf from G. tinctoria was investigated the content of bioactive compounds like coumaric acid, ascorbic acid and total phenols; the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-suslfonic acid (ABTS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods reducing sugars were measured. Finally, the biological activity was evaluated against Cladophialophora and Cryptococcus laurentii. The results suggest that the most abundant constituent in the extract were catechin (1344.97 mg/100 g dry weight) and epicatechin (1429.28 mg/100g dry weight), and was confirmed and quantified by high performance liquid chromatografy (HPLC-PDA); while the ORAC methodology showed a high antioxidant capacity (192000.0±5.91 umol Trolox Eq/100 g dry weight). On the other hand, the extract had a fungicide effect against both microorganism assayed, inhibiting the growth of Cladophialophora´s mold-and the yeast Cryptococcus laurentii. This is the first report of antioxidant capacity, bioactive compounds and biological activity of G. tinctoria, and these findings suggest that an extract prepared from the Nalca leaf may be a promising source of antioxidant and bioactive compounds and as a research object by being an antifungal and therapeutic alternative in development.
Mango is one of the tropical fruits of greater production and consumption in the world, and a rich source of bioactive compounds, with various functional properties such as antioxidant activity. In Colombia, mango's market is very broad and diverse. However, there are very few studies that determined the content of bioactive secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluated the content of different metabolites like Mangiferin, carotenoids, tannins, and the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methodology of six cultivars from the Colombian Caribbean region, with total carotenoid values ranging from 24.67 to 196.15 mg of β-carotene/100 g dry pulp; 84.30 to 161.49 mg Catequine eq./100 g dry pulp for the content of condensed tannins, and 91.80 to 259.23 mg/100 g dry pulp for mangiferin content. The ORAC methodology showed important antioxidant activity results, such as the Chancleta variety with the highest value (2163.78 μmol Trolox/100 g dry pulp). In conclusion, the evaluated mango varieties had promising results as functional food of high nutraceutical value, being Chancleta, Criollo and Jobo varieties, the fruits with highest content in bioactive compounds that expressed the best antioxidant activity.
The native Chilean shrubs Buddleja globosa (Matico) and Ribes magellanicum (Zarzaparrilla) are used widely at a rural level, due to their medicinal properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their secondary metabolites and cytotoxic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of different compounds like catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid and the antioxidant capacity by ABTS, ORAC, FRAP and DPPH methods. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of both extracts was evaluated against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cell lines by MTT and neutral red assays. The results suggest that the most abundant constituent in Budleja globosa and Ribes magellanicum were catechin (682.43 mg/100 g DW) and epicatechin (3362.08 mg/100 g DW) respectively; while the ORAC methodology showed an elevated antioxidant activity for Matico (134147.31 μmol Trolox Eq/100 g DW). On the other hand, both extracts at the assayed concentrations affect the membrane stability and cellular metabolic capacity of the CHO-K1 cell lines. These finding provide a direction for further researches, and suggest the Matico and Zarzaparrilla flower extracts as promising sources of antioxidants, and as research objects through the analyze of their metabolic behavior and antitumoral potential.
ResumenEl presente estudio investigó el contenido de antocianinas y polifenoles totales de Nalca. La Nalca (Gunnera tinctoria) es una planta de reconocida importancia en el sur de Chile, ya que posee un peciolo comestible el cual provee de ingresos a agrupaciones rurales que se dedican a su comercialización. Sin embargo, no existen antecedentes relacionados a sus metabolitos secundarios. La capacidad antioxidante fue determinada a través del método DPPH, y su actividad biológica fue evaluada sobre Cladophialophora y Cryptococcus laurentii. Los resultados indicaron que el peciolo de nalca posee un elevado contenido de fibra cruda (11.57%). Así mismo, presentó una alta concentración de polifenoles totales (7291.1 ± 224 mg GAE/100 g base seca) y una elevada capacidad antioxidante (105735 ± 3008.14 µmoles TEAC/100 g base seca). Por otro lado, presentó un efecto fungicida sobre los microorganismos ensayados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la Nalca es una promisoria fuente de compuestos bioactivos y una potencial alternativa fungicida. Palabras clave: capacidad antioxidante; polifenoles totales; actividad antifúngica; Gunnera tinctoria; Nalca Proximate Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antifungal Activity of Nalca (Gunnera tinctoria) AbstractThe present study investigated the anthocyanins and total polyphenols contents. Nalca (Gunnera tinctoria) is a plant of recognized importance in southern Chile, since it has an edible petiole which provides incomes to rural groups that are engaged in their commercialization. Nevertheless, no background exists about his secondary metabolites. The antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH method, and its biological activity was evaluated against Cladophialophora and Cryptococcus laurentii. The results indicated that the Nalca petiole has high crude fiber content (11.57%). Also, it presented a high concentration of total polyphenols (7291.1 ± 224 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) and a high antioxidant capacity ((105735 ± 3008.14 µmoles TEAC/100 g dry weight). On the other hand, the extract showed a fungicide effect against the microorganisms assayed. The results suggest that Nalca is promissory source of bioactive compounds and a potential fungicide alternative in development.
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