Selections via the mixed model and the multivariate analysis approach can be powerful tools for selecting cultivars in plant breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the use of mixed models, multivariate analysis and traditional phenotypic selection to identify superior maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Seventy-one (71) maize Topcrosses and three commercial cultivars were evaluated using these three methods. Plant height, ear height, ear placement, stalk lodging and breakage, and grain yield were evaluated. There was a difference between selection methods, as the selection with mixed models and the selection based on the average phenotypic afforded the inclusion of genotypes with high productivity, which did not occur for the multivariate analysis. The selection by multivariate analysis allowed the inclusion of genotypes with better agronomic and other desirable traits, not only those with highest productivity, in a maize breeding program.
Owing to the narrow genetic basis of soybean (Glycine max), the incorporation of new sources of germplasm is indispensable when searching for alleles that contribute to a greater diversity of varieties. The alternative is plant introduction, which may increase genetic variability within breeding programs. Multivariate techniques are important tools to study genetic diversity and allow the precise elucidation of variability in a set of genotypes of interest. The agro-morphological traits of 93 soybean accessions from various continents were analyzed in order to assess the genetic diversity present, and to highlight important traits. The experimental design was incomplete blocks (Alpha lattice, 8 x 12) with three replicates. Nine agro-morphological traits were analyzed, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed, the latter by Ward's method. The dendrogram obtained contained eight subgroups, confirming the genetic diversity among the accessions and revealing similarities between 11 national genotypes. The geographical origin of the accessions was not always related to the clusters. The traits evaluated, and the methods used, facilitated the distinction and characterization of genotypes between and within groups, and could be used in Brazilian soybean breeding programs.
A avaliação de genótipos de feijão-preto nos diversos ambientes de produção e anos agrícolas é essencial para a indicação dos materiais mais promissores aos produtores e programas de melhoramento. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade de grãos de cultivares comerciais e linhagens de feijão-preto cultivadas na safra de inverno e indicar os genótipos mais promissores dentro de cada grupo. O experimento foi realizado em dois anos agrícolas, no município de Jaboticabal (SP), Brasil. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por genótipos de feijão-preto, sendo quatro cultivares comerciais (BRS Esplendor, BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru, BRS 7762 Supremo) e dez linhagens (CNFP 11973, CNFP 11976, CNFP 11978, CNFP 11979, CNFP 11983, CNFP 11984, CNFP 11985, CNFP 11991, CNFP 11994 e CNFP 11995). As variáveis avaliadas foram os componentes de produção, produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e, quando significativo (p < 0,05), as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott. Os genótipos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade genética para a qualidade dos grãos, sendo ainda influenciados pelo ano agrícola. A cultivar BRS 7762 Supremo apresenta desempenho agronômico e qualidade dos grãos superior às demais cultivares comerciais. A linhagem CNFP 11983 destaca-se das demais, apresentando produtividade e tempo de cozimento dos grãos semelhantes a cultivar comercial BRS 7762 Supremo, sendo recomendada para maiores estudos nos programas de melhoramento.
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