Introduction COVID-19 infection is a major public health problem in the world and reinfections are becoming more frequent. Our main objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and genomic characteristics of the confirmed cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 in the capital of Lima and Callao, Peru. Methods We searched in the Peruvian laboratory information system from April 2020 up to May, 2021, looking for cases having 2 positive molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 with more than 90 days between them. We performed genomic sequencing to the available pairs of samples and described the clinical characteristics, epidemiological and genomic of the confirmed reinfections. Results There were 1,694,164 people with a positive diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 in Lima/Callao during the study period. Of these, 1,695 had 2 positive molecular tests with more than 90 days between them. 211 had both samples available for genomic analysis according to our selection criteria, these were retrieved and submitted to sequencing. 30 were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 reinfections having 2 different lineages in the 2 episodes. The variant Lambda (C.37) was the most common during the second infection, accounting for 19 (63.3%) of these. Conclusions We report 30 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. The Lambda variant was the most common cause of the second infections, in concordance with its predominant circulation during Peru´s second wave. This report describes the largest series of confirmed reinfections by SARS-CoV-2.
Background The administration of a third (booster) dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Peru initially employed the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) mRNA vaccine. The national vaccination program started with healthcare workers (HCW) who received BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine as primary regimen and elderly people previously immunized with BNT162b2. This study evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the “booster” dose in these two groups in Lima, Peru. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study, recruiting participants from November to December of 2021 in Lima, Peru. We evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity in HCW and elderly patients previously vaccinated with either two doses of BBIBP-CorV (heterologous regimen) or BTN162b2 (homologous regimen). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels immediately before boosting dose and 14 days later. IgG geometric means (GM) and medians were obtained, and modeled using ANCOVA and quantile regressions. Results The GM of IgG levels increased significantly after boosting: from 28.5±5.0 AU/mL up to 486.6±1.2 AU/mL (p<0.001) which corresponds to a 17-fold increase. The heterologous vaccine regimen produced higher GM of post-booster anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, eliciting a 13% increase in the geometric mean ratio (95%CI: 1.02–1.27) and a median difference of 92.3 AU/ml (95%CI: 24.9–159.7). Both vaccine regimens were safe and well tolerated. Previous COVID-19 infection was also associated with higher pre and post-booster IgG GM levels. Conclusion Although both boosting regimens were highly immunogenic, two doses of BBIBP-CorV boosted with BTN162b2 produced a stronger IgG antibody response than the homologous BNT162b2 regimen in the Peruvian population. Additionally, both regimens were mildly reactogenic and well-tolerated.
Background: The administration of a third (booster) dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Peru initially employed the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) mRNA vaccine. The national vaccination program started with healthcare workers who received BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine as primary regimen and elderly people previously immunized with BNT162b2. This study evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the “booster” dose in these two groups in Lima, Peru. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study, recruiting participants from November to December of 2021 in Lima, Peru. We evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity in HCW and elderly patients previously vaccinated with either two doses of BBIBP-CorV (heterologous regimen) or BTN162b2 (homologous regimen). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels immediately before boosting dose and 14 days later. IgG geometric means (GM) and medians were obtained, and modeled using ANCOVA and quantile regressions. Results: The GM of IgG levels increased significantly after boosting: from 28.5±5.0 AU/mL up to 486.6±1.2 AU/mL (p<0.001) which corresponds to a 17-fold increase. The heterologous vaccine regimen produced higher GM of post-booster anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, eliciting a 13% fold increase in the geometric mean ratio (95%CI: 1.02-1.27) and a median difference of 92.3 AU/ml (95%CI: 24.9-159.7). Both were safe and well tolerated. Previous COVID-19 infection was also associated with higher pre and post-booster IgG GM levels. Conclusion: Although both boosting regimens were highly immunogenic, two doses of BBIBP-CorV boosted with BTN162b2 produced a stronger IgG antibody response than the homologous BNT162b2 regimen in the Peruvian population. Additionally, both regimens were mildly reactogenic and well-tolerated.
Objetivos. Evaluar la respuesta de preparados IgG por ELISA utilizando rígidos Wuhan y Lambda en trabajadores de la salud con y sin antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 antes de la inmunización con la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Materiales y métodos.Se realizó un estudio analítico en trabajadores sanitarios mayores de 18 años. Se incluyeron 51 participantes con antecedentes y 100 participantes sin antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2, que recibieron dos dosis de la vacuna Sinopharm. Los obtenidos IgG se evaluaron 21 días después de la primera dosis, 21 días después de la segunda dosis y 3 meses después de la segunda dosis mediante ELISA interno utilizando el endurecimiento completo de la variante de Wuhan (B.1.1) y la variante lambda ( C-37) del virus SARS-CoV-2. Resultados.Ambos grupos mostraron un gran aumento en el porcentaje de personas con resultados después de la segunda dosis, sin embargo, este porcentaje llegó a los 3 meses después de la segunda dosis. La diferencia entre el índice de estudios medidos por ELISA con variante de Wuhan versus ELISA con variante lambda fue significativa (p<0.001). Conclusiones. Hay un aumento significativo en la presencia de estudios tipo IgG después de 15 días de la segunda dosis de vacunación BBIBP-CorV en participantes sin infección previa y una disminución después de 3 meses de la segunda dosis en la proporción de índices de reactividad de estudios IgG en ELISA con la variante de diagnóstico como con ELISA con la variante lambda.
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