Relative vaccine effectiveness of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for preventing death in individuals with a primary regimen based on the BBIBP-CorV, ChAdOx1-S, or BNT162b2 vaccines during the Omicron wave in Peru: A nested case-control study using national population data

Silva-Valencia, Javier; Soto-Becerra, Percy; Escobar-Agreda, Stefan; Fernandez-Navarro, Manuel; Antonio, Elorreaga-Reyes Oliver; Mayta‐Tristán, Percy; Mezones‐Holguín, Edward; Solari, Lely

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.066

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with other studies suggesting that the Omicron variant may evade prior immunity through infection or vaccination but less frequently causes severe clinical outcomes [16][17][18][19]. Indeed, the effect of vaccination on the reduction in the death risk was found in several studies during the Omicron wave [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

et al. 2022

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, generating a high impact on healthcare systems. The aim of the study was to examine the epidemiological burden of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and to identify potential related risk factors. A retrospective observational study was conducted in Liguria Region, combining data from National Vaccines Registry and Regional Chronic Condition Data Warehouse. In the study period (September 2021 to May 2022), 335,117 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded in Liguria, of which 15,715 were reinfected once. During the Omicron phase (which predominated from 3 January 2022), the risk of reinfection was 4.89 times higher (p < 0.001) than during the Delta phase. Unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals with at least one dose for more than 120 days were at increased risk of reinfection compared with vaccinated individuals with at least one dose for ≤120 days, respectively (odds ratio (OR) of 1.26, p < 0.001; OR of 1.18, p < 0.001). Healthcare workers were more than twice as likely to be reinfected than non-healthcare workers (OR of 2.38, p < 0.001). Lower ORs were seen among people aged 60 to 79 years. Two doses or more of vaccination were found to be protective against the risk of reinfection rather than a single dose (mRNA vaccines: OR of 0.06, p < 0.0001, and OR of 0.1, p < 0.0001; vector vaccines: OR of 0.05, p < 0.0001). Patients with chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, bronchopneumopathy, neuropathy and autoimmune diseases were at increased risk of reinfection (OR of 1.38, p = 0.0003; OR of 1.09, p < 0.0296; OR of 1.14, p = 0.0056; OR of 1.78, p < 0.0001; OR of 1.18, p = 0.0205). Estimating the epidemiological burden of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and the role played by risk factors in reinfections is relevant for identifying risk-based preventive strategies in a pandemic context characterized by a high circulation of the virus and a high rate of pathogen mutations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

et al. 2022

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“…Figure 2. Distribution of studies selected for the efficacy of the Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19[10,11,14,15,[29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][40][41][42][43][44][47][48][49].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study

et al. 2023

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral zoonotic illness that has developed a distinctive and threatening situation globally. Worldwide, many vaccines were introduced to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to compare the bio-pharmacological characteristics, indications, contraindications, efficacy, and adverse effects of inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin. Initially, 262 documents and 6 international organizations were selected. Finally, 41 articles, fact sheets, and international organizations were included. The data were recorded from the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) USA, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. The results demonstrated that these three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, received emergency approval from the FDA/WHO, and all three of these vaccines are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sinopharm vaccine has been recommended during pregnancy and for people of all age groups, and the CoronaVac and Covaxin vaccines are recommended for people over 18 years of age and older. These three vaccines have recommended intramuscular doses of 0.5 mL each, with a 3–4 week interval. These three vaccines can be stored in a refrigerator at +2 to +8 °C. The common adverse effects of these vaccines are pain at the injection site, redness, fatigue, headache, myalgias, general lethargy, body ache, arthralgia, nausea, chills, fever, and dizziness. The overall mean efficiency for the prevention of the COVID-19 disease is 73.78% for Sinopharm, 70.96% for CoronaVac, and 61.80% for Covaxin. In conclusion, all three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence suggests that the overall impact of Sinopharm is slightly better than that of CoronaVac and Covaxin.

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“…Non-differential immune protection among young and adult populations was identified when receiving ZF2001 boosting after full BBIBIP vaccination [37] . Moreover, a study that estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness prevented death by COVID-19 in people ≥60 this finding was similar in BNT homologous (86.1%) and BBIBP/BNT heterologous (86.1%) boosted vaccinees, showing that both vaccine matches were suitable to protect highly vulnerable older population [47] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Inactivated viral particles induce an immune response leading to low longevity [4] . However, the homologous BNT regime elicited a greater humoral response and protection than the BBIBP booster following complete BNT vaccination [46] , [47] . Although this finding remains controversial, studies have identified lower humoral response within homologous BNT-boosted participants [17] , [35] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Humoral response after a BNT162b2 heterologous third dose of COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of BBIBP-CorV among healthcare personnel in Peru

et al. 2023

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Relative vaccine effectiveness of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for preventing death in individuals with a primary regimen based on the BBIBP-CorV, ChAdOx1-S, or BNT162b2 vaccines during the Omicron wave in Peru: A nested case-control study using national population data

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

Who Is at Higher Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection? Results from a Northern Region of Italy

Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study

Humoral response after a BNT162b2 heterologous third dose of COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of BBIBP-CorV among healthcare personnel in Peru

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