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Functional longevity is essential for the well-being of horses and the satisfaction of riders. Conventional selection using longevity breeding values calculated from competition results is not efficient because it takes too long to obtain reliable information. Therefore, the objective was to identify early criteria for selection. We assessed two types of early criteria: gait traits of young horses and QTLs. Thus, our aim was to estimate the genetic correlation between gait traits and longevity and to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for longevity. Measurements of gaits by accelerometry were recorded on 1,477 show jumping horses that were 4 to 5 years old. Gait analysis provided 9 principal components describing trot, canter, and walk. Longevity estimated breeding values (EBVs) for stallions were calculated using a survival analysis of more than 900,000 years of performances by 179,448 show jumping horses born from 1981 onwards. Longevity was measured as the number of years spent in competition. Model included region and month of birth, age at first competition, year, and performance level. Longevity EBVs were deregressed to obtain weighted pseudo-performances for 1,968 stallions. Genomic data were available for 3,658 jumping horses. Seventy-eight percent of the horses measured for gaits and twenty-five percent of those measured for longevity were genotyped. A GWAS of longevity revealed no significant QTLs. Genetic parameters between each of the 9 principal components of the gait variables and longevity were evaluated with a bi-trait animal linear mixed model using single-step GBLUP analysis with the relationship matrix constructed from genomic data and genealogy (24,448 ancestors over four generations). The heritability of the gait traits varied from 0.11 to 0.44. The third principal component for trot (high lateral activity) and the first principal component for canter (high dorsoventral activity and low stride frequency) were moderately genetically correlated with higher longevity: rg = 0.38 (0.15) and 0.28 (0.13), respectively. Our study revealed that functional longevity is a polygenic trait with no major genes. We found new correlations between longevity and gait traits. Before using gait characteristics in a selection plan, these correlations need to be understood better at the biomechanical level.

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Reçu le 11 avril 2018, Accepté le 24 octobre 2018Résumé --Depuis 2009, les détenus français peuvent bénéficier de la pratique régulière d'activités physiques et sportives. Toutefois, les travaux examinant l'influence de ces pratiques en milieu carcéral restent peu nombreux. Nous suggérons que pour des détenus condamnés pour violence grave, la pratique d'une activité physique adaptée (APA) ait un impact positif sur leur niveau de compassion. Treize détenus condamnés ont participé à deux séances d'APA (i.e., cécifoot et handibasket). Le questionnaire de compassion Pommier, [Pommier, E.A. (2010). The compassion scale. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Austin: University of Texas] avec 6 sous-échelles était utilisé avant puis après ces séances. Les dimensions bienveillance et humanité commune ont augmenté de manière significative alors que la dimension indifférence a diminué significativement. Les résultats de cette recherche interventionnelle permettent d'examiner le rôle de l'APA en milieu carcéral et son impact sur le niveau de compassion des détenus. Cette première étude exploratoire ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour les travaux avec cette population spécifique. Abstract --Effect of disabled sports on the prison inmates' compassion. Since 2009, French prisoners can benefit from regular physical and sport activities. However, there is little research examining the influence of these activities in the prison environment. We suggest that for inmates incarcerated for aggressive antisocial behavior, the practice of disabled sports has a positive impact on their compassion. Thirteen prisoners captive for acts of violence participated in two sessions of disabled sport. The compassion scale Pommier, [Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale. Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Austin: University of Texas] with 6 subscales was used before and after these sessions. The kindness and common humanity dimensions increased significantly while the indifference dimension decreased significantly. The results of this intervention research examine the role of disabled sport in prison and its impact on inmates' level of compassion. This first exploratory study opens new perspectives for work with this specific population.