BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common ailment requiring medical attention in newborns. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia nearly affects 60% of term & 80% of preterm neonates during the first week of life. Neonatal jaundice has much higher incidence in premature babies and often requires therapeutic intervention. Neonatal physiological jaundice could result either due to increased breakdown of foetal erythrocytes or low concentrations of hepatic glucuronyl transferase. Hypocalcaemia is one of the known adverse effects of phototherapy. 90% of the preterm and 75% of the full-term neonates develop hypocalcaemia post phototherapy. We intended to study the effects of photo therapy on serum electrolytes (Na + , K + , Ca ++). METHODS It is a prospective interventional study. Neonates who were born or admitted to 'Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Postgraduate Institute of Pediatrics (SVP PG IP), Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, from October 1 st , 2016 to September 30 th , 2018 receiving phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hrs. of life without any co-morbidities were studied. RESULTS Serum calcium and serum sodium levels decrease with increasing duration of phototherapy. The comparative correlation between the preterm and term neonates considering the change in calcium level before and after phototherapy shows more change in values in term neonates. CONCLUSIONS Electrolyte changes are seen more commonly in pre-term neonates. The incidence of hypocalcemia was 22%, it was 51.6% at >48 hrs. duration of phototherapy (PT) and 52.9% in preterm neonates. The incidence of hyponatremia was 10%, it was 19.3% at >48 hrs. duration of PT and 29.4% in preterm neonates. The mean serum calcium levels before and after PT were 1.08±0.135 mmol/L and 1.008±0.161 mmol/L respectively.
Introduction: Incidence of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is 2-4 per 1000 live birth in USA, 1.8 per 1000 live births in Sweden, 3.8 per 1000 term live births in Australia. In India the incidence of HIE is 10-15 per 1000 live birth. The survivors from severe HIE develop cerebral palsy and mental handicaps as high as 50%. Concurrent use of cranial ultra sound and clinical staging systems are evolving to predict the prognosis. Objective: To study the cranial ultrasonogrphic finding in HIE Infants and its clinical correlation and prediction of outcome. Method: it is a prospective clinical study of 120 baby suffering from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Result: Co-relation of initial cranial ultra sonography grading with mortality and sequel showed an increasing trend as the ultrasonography grading increases, with 51.4% mortality in grade –III, 18.5% in grade-II and 15.4% in grade –I. Seqele 48.6% was observed only in grade-III sonographic abnormality. Conclusion: Sonographic grading is more accurate than the clinical staging in predicting recovery, mortality and sequel.
Introduction: Poisoning in children is a common and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Our environment is still not child-safe and the medications are not dispensed in a child-safe manner. The incidence of childhood poisoning in India varies from 0.3 to 7.6 percent. Poisoning accounts for 0.03% of mortality in infants, 0.16% in preschool age group and 0.37% of in five to fourteen year's age group as per the statistics projected by Government of India. The poisoning in paediatric age group includes obsolescent traditional poisons, the in fashion intoxications with recreational drugs as well as chronic exposure to industrial chemicals. The peak incidence of accidental overdoses is in the second year of life and 85% of accidental poisoning affect children under five years of age. Methodology: This is a prospective case controlled study done over a period of two years. The study was conducted in S C B Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha. Results: The poisoning constitutes 1.15% of total paediatric admissions. The commonest type of poisoning was due to Non-Medicaments (56 cases-78.87%), out of which the commonest poisoning was due to hydrocarbons. Conclusion: Non medicament ingestions particularly kerosene still one of the very common toxic ingestion in children used in accidental poisoning cases.
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