A study was conducted to evaluate the interaction among 3 levels of Ca and 4 levels of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) on broiler performance, bone ash, and whole-body fractional retention of Ca and P. Ross male broiler-chicks (n=420) were sorted by BW at d 1 posthatch and assigned to 5 cages/diet with 7 birds/cage. Twelve diets were arranged in a 3×4 factorial of 3 levels Ca (at 0.5, 0.7, or 0.9%) and 4 levels NPP (at 0.25, 0.31, 0.38, or 0.45%) with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in all diets. On d 14, chickens were euthanized and the right tibia was collected from 3 birds/replicate; the rest of the animals were used to measure whole-body Ca and P retention. An interaction was observed between the level of Ca and NPP on feed intake (FI), tibia weight, and bone-ash content (P<0.05). Increasing the level of NPP from 0.25 to 0.38% increased FI (P<0.05) on chickens fed the high-Ca diet (0.9%), but not with Ca at 0.5 or 0.7%. Broilers achieved their greatest weight gain (WG) and bone formation with 0.7% Ca and 0.38% NPP. Increasing the dietary Ca decreased its fractional retention from 74% with dietary Ca at 0.5 to 46% with Ca at 0.9%. The increase in the levels of dietary P steadily increased the fractional retention of Ca from 53 to 61%, and increased the whole-body Ca content (g/kg BW). It can be concluded that a dietary level of 0.38% NPP/kg in diets containing a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) and 0.7% Ca are adequate to ensure broiler performance and bone ash of broilers from d 0 to d 14 posthatch.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different Ca sources (limestone, Ca chloride, and Lipocal, a fat-encapsulated tricalcium phosphate, TCP) in conjunction with 4 dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) on performance, ileal digestibility of Ca and P, and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Calcium sources were also evaluated in vitro to measure acid-binding capacity (ABC) and Ca solubility at different pH values. Ca chloride showed the highest solubility of Ca, with TCP showing the highest ABC. Ross male broiler-chicks were sorted by BW at 1 d post-hatch and assigned to 5 cages per diet with 5 birds per cage. Twelve diets were arranged in a 3×4 factorial of the 3 Ca sources and 4 levels of NPP (0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% or 0.45%) consisting of 4 added P levels (Ca(H2PO4)2) with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in all diets. On d 14 post-hatch, 3 birds were euthanized, and ileal digesta and the right tibia were collected to determine ileal Ca and P digestibility and bone mineralization, respectively. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) on d 14 was higher (P<0.01) with TCP and limestone than with Ca chloride. Added P increased the tibia weight and tibia ash content in chicks fed TCP up to 0.4% NPP and limestone up to 0.35% NPP. Calcium ileal digestibility was higher (P<0.01) with Ca chloride (73.7%) than with limestone (67.1%) or TCP (66.8%), which increased (P<0.05) with added levels of P from monocalcium phosphate. Phosphorus ileal digestibility was not affected by the Ca source and increased (P<0.001) with added levels of NPP. It can be concluded that starting broilers responded better to low-soluble Ca sources compared to high-soluble sources. A level of 0.35%-0.40% NPP with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in diets including limestone or TCP is sufficient to guarantee performance and bone formation for broiler chickens from d 0 to d 14.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the comparative P bio-avalability of different sources of phosphate based on their effects on animal performance, bones mineralization and mineral retention in broilers. To achieve this goal, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, twenty diets were prepared including five different phosphorus sources, either mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) or 4 different batches of di-calcium phosphate, to supplement non phytic P (NPP) levels at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 g/kg in the diets. In Experiment 2, three treatments were used: the low MCP diet was deficient in NPP (3.1 g/kg for the starter phase and 2.8 g/kg for the grower phase); the high MCP diet and the high TCP (tri-calcium phosphate) diet included adequate levels of NPP (4.4-4.7 g/kg for the starter phase and 4.2-4.3 g/kg for the grower phase). Phytase was not added to experimental diets. Results of Exp. 1 indicated that an increase of NPP in the diet from 3.0 to 4.0 g/ kg increased weight gain and feed intake between d 1 and d 21 (Trial 1). Alternatively, tibia weight and ash percentage at d 21 responded up to the level of 4.5 g/kg and showed significant difference with birds of the 4.0 g/kg NPP group. In Trial 2, chickens fed with the high MCP and TCP had improved growth performances and bone mineralization. No differences were observed on the P availability among different mineral P sources. A level of 4.5 g/kg, NPP is recommended when phytase is not included to maximize both performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens up to d 21.Additional keywords: mineralization; digestibility; calcium; phosphorus sources. Abbreviation used: BW (body weight); CP (crude protein); DCP (di-calcium phosphate); DM (dry matter); FI (feed intake); G: F (gain feed ratio); MCP (mono-calcium phosphate); ME (metabolic energy); NPP (non phytic phosphorus); TCP (tri-calcium phosphate); WG (weight gain).
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