Calcium sources and their interaction with the different levels of non-phytate phosphorus affect performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different Ca sources (limestone, Ca chloride, and Lipocal, a fat-encapsulated tricalcium phosphate, TCP) in conjunction with 4 dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) on performance, ileal digestibility of Ca and P, and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Calcium sources were also evaluated in vitro to measure acid-binding capacity (ABC) and Ca solubility at different pH values. Ca chloride showed the highest solubility of Ca, with TCP showing the highest ABC. Ross male broiler-chicks were sorted by BW at 1 d post-hatch and assigned to 5 cages per diet with 5 birds per cage. Twelve diets were arranged in a 3×4 factorial of the 3 Ca sources and 4 levels of NPP (0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% or 0.45%) consisting of 4 added P levels (Ca(H2PO4)2) with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in all diets. On d 14 post-hatch, 3 birds were euthanized, and ileal digesta and the right tibia were collected to determine ileal Ca and P digestibility and bone mineralization, respectively. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) on d 14 was higher (P<0.01) with TCP and limestone than with Ca chloride. Added P increased the tibia weight and tibia ash content in chicks fed TCP up to 0.4% NPP and limestone up to 0.35% NPP. Calcium ileal digestibility was higher (P<0.01) with Ca chloride (73.7%) than with limestone (67.1%) or TCP (66.8%), which increased (P<0.05) with added levels of P from monocalcium phosphate. Phosphorus ileal digestibility was not affected by the Ca source and increased (P<0.001) with added levels of NPP. It can be concluded that starting broilers responded better to low-soluble Ca sources compared to high-soluble sources. A level of 0.35%-0.40% NPP with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in diets including limestone or TCP is sufficient to guarantee performance and bone formation for broiler chickens from d 0 to d 14.

Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 1. Performance, intestinal lesions and pH, bacterial counts and apparent ileal digestibility

“…About 61% of the total P found in soybean meal and 72.5% in canola meal are in the form of phytate ( Hanna et al., 2017 ). Therefore, exogenous phytases are routinely added to chicken diets to hydrolyze phytate to liberate Ca and P for absorption, reduce the antinutritional effects of phytate and reduce the cost of inorganic phosphate addition ( Liu et al., 2008 , Manangi and Coon, 2008 , Cowieson et al., 2008 , dos Santos et al., 2014 , Hamdi et al., 2015 ).…”

Effect of the mixture of mulberry leaf powder and KGM flour on promoting calcium absorption and bone mineral density in vivo

“…Serum calcium and phosphorus are biochemical indicators related to bone mineralization . The results of serum calcium content, phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity in each group showed in Table .…”

Comparison of how different feed phosphates affect performance, bone mineralization and phosphorus retention in broilers

“…However, no difference was observed between high MCP and TCP in the grower phase. Hamdi et al (2015b) showed that the supplementation of broilers diet with TCP, improved FI and WG at d 14 but ileal digestibility of Ca and P was lower for diets including TCP and limestone as compared to diets including Ca chloride, MCP and sodium phosphate. This difference could be associated with solubility of the P sources in birds of different ages.…”