Several catalytic reactions such as Ullmann, Chan–Lam, Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, [2 + 3] cycloaddition, condensation, and coupling reactions under suitable conditions have been used for the synthesis of fundamental structures containing a carbon–nitrogen (C–N) bond. Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives as heterogeneous catalysts have attracted considerable attention for the synthesis of organic building blocks. Loading of GO derivatives with copper complexes or nanoparticles, as one of the most abundant and low toxic transition metals, allowed to design new composites with predominant ability to C–N bond formation. In this review article, we present a comprehensive overview on the synthesis of building blocks containing a C–N bond such as amines, triazoles, tetrazoles, propargyl amines, imidazoles, and benzodiazepines using GO derivatives loaded with copper complexes or nanoparticles.
In this study, we report on the preparation of copper oxide/reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (CuO/rGO/TiO2) photocatalyst and its application in coupling reaction for carbon-nitrogen bond formation under visible light irradiation....
Cu 2 O/reduced graphene oxide/TiO 2 (Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2) photocatalyst was synthesized under ultrasonic irradiation. The nanomaterial was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2 photocatalyst was utilized in "click" reaction for the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via one pot multicomponent reaction of benzyl halide or epoxide derivatives with alkynes in presence of NaN 3 and triethylamine under visible light irradiation. The "click" reaction was performed under mild conditions affording good to excellent yields of the triazole compounds using low catalyst loading in short reaction times. The nanocomposite was recovered and recycled for five successive runs without a major diminution in its catalytic performance.
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