Cu₂O/reduced graphene oxide/TiO₂nanomaterial: An effective photocatalyst for azide‐alkyne cycloaddition with benzyl halides or epoxide derivatives under visible light irradiation

Abstract

Cu 2 O/reduced graphene oxide/TiO 2 (Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2) photocatalyst was synthesized under ultrasonic irradiation. The nanomaterial was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2 photocatalyst was utilized in "click" reaction for the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via one pot multicomponent reaction of benzyl halide or epoxide derivatives with alkynes in presence of NaN 3 and triethylamine under visible light irradiation. The "click" reaction was performed under mild conditions affording good to excellent yields of the triazole compounds using low catalyst loading in short reaction times. The nanocomposite was recovered and recycled for five successive runs without a major diminution in its catalytic performance.

Copper Oxide-Based Photocatalysts and Photocathodes: Fundamentals and Recent Advances

“…More complex, multicomponent materials based on copper oxide and graphene oxide were also investigated, for example, Jang et al reported delafossite CuFeO 2 /NiFe/reduced graphene oxide photoelectrocatalyst with high photoactivity of −2.4 mA cm −2 at 0.4 V RHE in NaOH electrolyte [ 149 ]. The Cu 2 O/reduced graphene oxide/TiO 2 (Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2 ) photocatalyst synthesized under ultrasonic irradiation was studied in “click” reaction for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via one pot multicomponent reaction of benzyl halide or epoxide derivatives with alkynes under visible light irradiation [ 209 ].…”

Magnetized inorganic–bioorganic nanohybrid [nano Fe3O4‐SiO2@Glu‐Cu (II)]: A novel nanostructure for the efficient solvent‐free synthesis of thiazolidin‐2‐imines

“…According to the results of elemental survey in Figure 7a, peaks at the binding energies of 103.08 eV (Si2p), 285.08 (C1s), 395.28 (N1s), 533.32 (O1s), 725.27 (Fe2p), and 932.90 (Cu2p) affirmed the presence of Fe, O, Si, N, C, and Cu in the structure of the nano Fe 3 O 4 ‐SiO 2 @Glu‐Cu(II). [ 30,37 ] The XPS analysis of Cu2P (Figure 7b) represented that copper ions presented as Cu (II). The bands at binding energies of 934.58 and 940.28–944.18 eV (as shake‐up satellite peaks) attributed to Cu II 2p3/2 and the peak at 954.38 eV related to Cu II 2p1/2.…”

Copper-doped functionalized β-cyclodextrin as an efficient green nanocatalyst for synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles in water

“…Even in 2013, Runo and co-workers performed this reaction in solvent-free conditions with a ball-milling system 38 . Cu 2 O/reduced graphene oxide/TiO 2 (Cu 2 O/rGO/TiO 2 ) photocatalyst under ultrasonic irradiation was also used to synthesize these compounds with epoxide derivatives and alkynes 39 . Although many ways to synthesize alkyl azides have been reported in various research groups, methods for making aryl azides are limited 40 .…”