b S Supporting Information ' INTRODUCTION Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) with the formula (C n H 2n+2-z Cl z ) are subdivided into short-chain (C 10 ÀC 13 , SCCPs), mediumchain (C 14 ÀC 17 , MCCPs) and long-chain (C > 17, LCCPs) according to their carbon chain length, where chlorine content ranges from 10% to 72%. 1 Because of their chemical and thermal stability, CPs were widely used as additives in lubricants, as cutting fluids for metal working, as plasticizers and flame retardants in plastics, sealants, and leather. 2 As high production volume chemicals, CPs are inevitably released into the environment during their production, transportation, and usage. CPs have been detected in various environmental matrices including water, sediment, air, soil, biota ,and human beings. 1 It is also suggested that CPs are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in food webs. 3 CPs, especially SCCPs, have attracted increasing attentions in the past decade as they represent a potential "new" category of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 4 The European Union restricted the usage of SCCPs via the Water Framework Directive based on the SCCP risk assessment. 5,6 Furthermore, SCCPs have been banned for use in Germany since 2003. 1

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