ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to test a structural model of hypothesized relationships between spiritual well-being, intervening variables of personal worth of self and others, commitment to relationship stability, commitment to relationship growth, positive interaction/appreciation, communication/conflict resolution, time spent together, and, the dependent variable, dyadic adjustment.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and sixty eight (171 females and 97 males) married parent subjects were selected by convenience sampling from three universities in Mazandaran, Iran, to take part in this study. They were all volunteers and were not paid and their age range was 23 to 47 (31.07 ± 4.37 years). All participants were asked to complete the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), family strengths scale (FSS) and revised dyadic adjustment scale (RDAS).ResultsThe results from structural equation modeling confirmed a hierarchy for the development of family strengths, and indicated that spiritual well-being and strength in most characteristics affected dyadic adjustment, positively (P <0.05).ConclusionsCouples’ level of dyadic adjustment is increased when they have higher spiritual well-being, value each other, have commitment to each other, communicate well, enjoy being with each other, and spend time together.
The main purpose of this study was to construct and validate a scale for measuring marital justice. A sample of three hundred and four voluntary and unpaid married participants (194 females, 110 males), aged between 20 and 35 years old (29.01 ± 4.44 years), were selected randomly through multi-stage sampling in Isfahan, Iran; the participants included in this sample had preschool child/children, were all in the first decade of marriage, and had at least eight grades of education. All participants were asked to complete the Marital Justice Scale (MJS), the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (R-DAS; Busby, Christensen, Crane, & Larson, 1995), and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ;Sanai Zaker, 2000). The exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors labelled 'Procedural/interactional justice' (twelve items) and 'Distributive justice' (eight items) which accounted for 66.70% of the total variance. The convergent and discriminant validity of the 20-item MJS were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of marital quality and marital conflict. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores of the MJS and the scores of the RDAS and the MCQ were statistically significant. The obtained internal consistency was markedly high (Cronbach's α = .97). The test-retest reliability of the MJS was .87. The results suggest that the MJS is a reliable and valid measure; however, further studies should be carried out in other countries, based on different age groups and socio-economic levels, various developmental stages of family life cycles, diverse cultures and sub-cultures, and according to gender difference so as to validate the MJS.
Introduction: Given the importance of happiness in old age, it is important to propose and test a multivariate model for relations between its predictor factors. In the present study, the conceptual model of the relationships between spiritual intelligence, psychological hardiness, perceived social support, and happiness was tested in elderlies. Method: The research design was correlational. A sample of two hundred and eleven old woman, were selected through convenient sampling from four cities in Mazandarn province, Iran in the summer of 2016. All participants were asked to complete the Revised Oxford Happiness Inventory,
Objectives: In a revision on the measurement of implicit theories of intelligence, the Self-Theory Scale has been suggested. The main purpose of the present study was to examine reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Revised Implicit Theories of Intelligence (Self-Theory) scale in a sample of Iranian high school students.
Methods:A sample of 450 unpaid students (255 females and 255 males), aged between 14 and 18 years old (16.73 ± 0.81 years) in the academic year of 2015 to 2016, were selected through multi-stage clustered sampling from the city of Ray, Iran. All participants were asked to complete a demographic form, the Revised Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale, and the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS).
Results:The findings from confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the factor structure of the Persian version of the Revised Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale. The convergent validity of the scale was supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the Revised Scale and the ITIS (P < 0.05). The obtained internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's α) were reasonable.
Conclusions:The results suggest that the Persian version of the Revised Implicit Theories of Intelligence (Self-Theory) Scale is a reliable and valid measure in high school students.
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