Mediating Role of Psychological Hardiness and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness in the Elderly Women

Shahsavar, R; Ghaffari, Majid; Nejhad, R Makhtoum

doi:10.29252/joge.2.4.11

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…King confirmed the construct and concurrent validity and reported the questionnaire's reliability using Cronbach's alpha of 0.88, 0.89, 0.93, 0.94, and 0.97 for critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, conscious state expansion, and the overall spiritual intelligence questionnaire. Furthermore, Shahsavar et al confirmed the construct and concurrent validity and reported the questionnaire's reliability using Cronbach's alpha of 0.78, 0.84, 0.79, 0.78, and 0.80 for critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, conscious state expansion, and total, respectively (28). In the present study, the reliability of the instrument was calculated at 0.87 by Cronbach's alpha method.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

Jangi

Azizi

Sangani

2020

Health Spiritual Med Ethics

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Background and Objectives:Aging is a sensitive period in human life. The present study aimed to provide a framework for psychological well-being based on the spiritual intelligence dimensions in the elderly. Methods:The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of the elderly living in the retirement homes of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 320 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using King's ( 2009) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Ryff's ( 2002) Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation.Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, psychological well-being of the elderly showed a significant positive relationship with the subscales of critical existential thinking (r=0.34, P=0.001), personal meaning (r=0.41, P=0.001), transcendental awareness (r=0.38 and P=0.001), conscious state expansion (r=0.48, P=0.001) and the overall score of spiritual intelligence (r=0.62, P=0.001). In addition, it was observed that spiritual intelligence had a significant direct impact on psychological well-being (β=0.669) and the predictive power of psychological well-being was obtained by spiritual intelligence (R2=0.508). Conclusion:The obtained results indicated the importance of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being in the elderly. Therefore, in order to improve the elderlys' psychological well-being, it is essential to focus on promoting spiritual intelligence.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

Jangi

Azizi

Sangani

2020

Health Spiritual Med Ethics

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Expressive arts therapy for subjective happiness and loneliness feelings in institutionalized elderly women: A pilot study

Mishra

Misra

Chaube

2021

Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy

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The impact of social support, physical and psychological performance on sleep outcomes in Iranian older adults: a case-control study

Salehi,

Pasha,

Hosseini

et al. 2023

BMC Geriatr

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Background Sleep quality is one of the most important factors to improve the quality of life in older adults and physical and mental health plays an essential role in better sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the impact of social support, and physical and psychological performance on sleep outcomes in Iranian older adults. Methods In this case-control study, 400 elder people, who were exposed to sleep problems, and 400 people without sleep problems were randomly selected during 2016–2017 in Amirkola, Iran. Subjects in the case and control groups were matched in terms of gender and age. The demographic characteristics, Duke Social Support Questionnaire (DSSI), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) questionnaires were used to collect data. T-test, Chi-square, Pearson Correlation coefficient, and multiple Logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The mean score of DSSI and its domains including social interaction (DSSI.Int) and social satisfaction (DSSI.Sat) were 28.15 ± 3.55, 9.31 ± 1.23, and 18.84 ± 2.88 in the case group and 28.87 ± 3.20, 9.48 ± 1.10, and 19.83 ± 2.44 in the control group, respectively. In this study, the mean scores of MMSE, PASE, ADL, and IADL were 25.36 ± 3.95, 101.71 ± 56.99, 13/97 ± 0.37, 20.59 ± 2/79; respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between poor sleep quality with DSSI score (rho = -0.165, P < 0.0001), DSSI.Int (rho = -0.113, P < 0.001), DSSI.Sat (rho = -0.160, P < 0.0001), PASE (rho=-0.160, P < 0.0001), and IADL (rho = -0.112, P < 0.001) score. Therefore, more social support and physical activity improved the quality of sleep. There was a significant negative relationship between DSSI, and its domains with sleep quality in terms of gender. DSSI (rho = 0.25, P < 0.0001), DSSI.Int (P < 0.0001, rho=-0.18), and DSSI.Sat (P < 0.0001, rho=-0.22) was significant in men but not in women. The results of the adjusted logistic regression revealed a significant association between sleep quality problems and DSSI (p < 0.045, OR = 1.40), the use of hypnotic drugs (p < 0.0001, OR = 7.56), and occupation (p <0.03, OR= 12.66). Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that low social support and all its domains, PASE, IADL, and using hypnotic drugs may play a role in the development of sleep problems. It can be used as an effective, safe, and low-cost strategy for promoting sleep quality in older adults.

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Mediating Role of Psychological Hardiness and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness in the Elderly Women

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

Expressive arts therapy for subjective happiness and loneliness feelings in institutionalized elderly women: A pilot study

The impact of social support, physical and psychological performance on sleep outcomes in Iranian older adults: a case-control study

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