The aim of this correlational study was to predict cyberloafing through basic psychological needs with conscientiousness and goalorientation as mediators. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of the faculty of Humanities at Mazandaran University during the 2016 academic year. A total of 321 students were selected using stratified proportional sampling. To collect data,

Objectives: In this research study, the effect of training phonological awareness skills on the improvement of auditory memory in students with spelling problems in third grade at primary schools in Sari City, Iran, was investigated. Methods:The research method used in the study was quasi-experimental with pre-tests, post-tests, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the students from third grade at primary schools in Sari. The study sample was chosen based on purposive sampling and random sampling methods. First the teachers were asked to introduce students with spelling problems, out of whom 20 students were selected through three diagnostic tests: Wechsler intelligence test for children (2006), Baezzat writing disorder test (2010), and Cornoldi test of verbal memory (1995). These students were then randomly assigned to two groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group received phonological awareness skills training in 13 sessions but the control group did not receive any intervention. Results:The data were analyzed by Mixed ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with repeated measures. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group's scores (F=171.12, P=0.001), indicating that phonological awareness training improved the auditory memory of students with spelling problems. Follow up tests showed that the effect of phonological awareness training was sustained after three months' duration.Discussion: This study recommends that learning disorder experts and psychologists train phonological awareness skills in order to improve the auditory memory of students with spelling problems. A B S T R A C T

Background: In modern societies, nurses' issues and investigation of their problems has found a vital importance. Objectives: The present study investigated the mediating role of hospital stress and anxiety in relationship between psychological capital and depression in women nurses.

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