No abstract

Dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia is a scientifically proved independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) 1. Physiologically, free radicals are formed in many metabolic reactions occurring in human body which react with body tissues and endogenously synthesized low density lipopro-aBstract Abnormal deviations ratio between subgroups of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in human body predisposes to the formation of atherogenic plaques which are main etiological factors for the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Many hypolipidemic herbs have been tested in the literature to prevent the occurrence of CAD. In this study we have used Trachyspermum Ammi (Ajwain; corn aniseed) and Linum Usitatissimum (Alsi, flaxseed) separately and in combination to investigate their anti-atherogenic and hypolipidemic features. Research was conducted at a Lahore General Hospital of Pakistan from February to June 2016. One hundred patients suffering from hyperlipidemia who were followed up in lipid research clinic of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan were enrolled in and approved written consent was taken from all patients. All patients were assigned to four different groups each , comprising of 25 patients. For three months, Group-I was treated with Ajwain, Group-II with Alsi, and Group-III with Ajwain plus Alsi. After three months therapy it was observed that Ajwain reduced LDL-cholesterol 23.77 mg/dl and increased HDLcholesterol 3.3 mg/dl. Alsi reduced LDL-cholesterol 7.5 mg/dl and increased HDL-cholesterol 5.3 mg/dl. Whereas combination of both agents decreased LDL-cholesterol 16.1 mg/dl and increased HDL-cholesterol 6.6 mg/dl in three months therapy. It was concluded from this research work that Alsi and Ajwain given separately or in combination, have good enough potential to reduce LDL-cholesterol but are less potent effect on HDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients.

Aims and objectives: The aims and objectives of current study were to identify the proper spectrum of different broad spectrum antibiotics in children for acute upper respiratory infections. Methodology: Total 200 children patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections like acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, laryngitis, and tracheitis were reported. Different antibiotics such as quinolones, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, azithromycin and clarithromycin were prescribed. Results: All individual reported their medical conditions and predominate symptoms were fever, cough, sore throat and wheezing. Broad spectrum antibiotics were prescribed to the all children patients regarding to their culture sensitivity test. These agents, Amoxicillin, Clamoxin, third generation Cephalosporin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cefixime were given to all children according to their sensitivity spectrum. Conclusion: More incidences of acute upper respiratory infections with empyema being caused by bacteria have been documented. Microorganisms S. pneumonia and H. influenza were found in a large number of samples.

Objective: The aim of the study was to find the hypolipidemic effect of natural herbs such as Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon on the cholesterol level of the body for prevention against atherosclerotic plaques. Materials & Methods: In this study, we have compared the hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. The study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from August to December 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19years to 70years were included in the study. Diabetic, alcoholics, hypertensive patients and those with impaired renal or liver functions were excluded from the study. After taking consent from all the participants. their base line lipid profile was taken in the biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided into three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. GroupII patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for a period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat, etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. Results: When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol.