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• Companies that cannot predict business forecasts for their sales always fi nd themselves in ambi-

Large-scale ash (Fraxinus spp.) dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been a major concern throughout Europe for more than two decades. Most of the related research has been focused on Fraxinus excelsior L., and there is still little information on fungal involvement in the dieback of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, especially in roots and stem bases, which play an important role in decline progress and tree stability. The objectives of this study were to identify fungi present in visually healthy and symptomatic wood tissues in basal parts of narrow-leaved ash trees in different decline phases, in order to determine the possible role of these fungi and their importance in the dieback process. The stem bases and roots of 90 trees in three different health categories, determined based on crown defoliation, were sampled in natural stands affected by ash dieback. Isolated fungal cultures were identified based on the rDNA ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) region and their association with tree health status was analyzed. In total, 68 different fungal taxa were confirmed, including Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Armillaria spp., which were mainly present in roots, although overall in lower frequencies than on common ash in other studies. Most frequently isolated fungal taxa, which encompassed 51% of all obtained isolates, were Trichoderma spp., Ilyonectria robusta, Fusarium solani, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Diaporthe cotoneastri. Their associations with tree health categories and presence in both symptomatic and visually healthy wood indicate that they act as opportunistic pathogens and early colonizers of weakened ash tissues. Research also revealed that, although the extent of crown defoliation and presence of root and stem necroses were associated, basal symptoms occurred on a number of trees with healthy looking crowns, meaning they can develop independently.

Rad obrađuje dimenzijske značajke utovarnoga prostora forvardera, a koje norma ISO 13860 (2016) određuje trima dimenzijama zasnovanim na neposrednom mjerenju (duljina utovarnoga prostora, širina između držača tereta, visina držača tereta) te dvjema posrednim (računske) dimenzijama (površina poprečnoga presjeka utovarnoga prostora forvardera i visina težišta tereta). Iako za te pokazatelje utovarnoga prostora forvardera norma ISO 13860 (2016) daje definicije, za dva računska pokazatelja nije objašnjen način njihova izračuna te na kojim se dimenzijama utovarnoga prostora zasnivaju.Poticaji za pisanje ovoga rada jesu: 1) pojašnjenje važnosti poznavanja dimenzijskih pokazatelja utovarnoga prostora forvardera, 2) izrada prijedloga načina izračuna poprečnoga presjeka utovarnoga prostora forvardera i visine težišta tereta forvardera te 3) određivanje dodatnih potrebnih mjernih dimenzijskih značajki utovarnoga prostora.Na osnovi predloženih mjerenja prikazane su dimenzije, ali i računske značajke utovarnoga prostora osmokotačnoga forvardera Komatsu 875.

• Wood processing and furniture manufacturing is one of the key industrial sectors in South-East European countries. Based on its share in GDP

Wood industry is among the most important industrial sectors in Slovenia and Croatia. In both countries, wood sector is a part of the national strategy plans and one of the industrial branches considered national economy boosters. But media coverage of wood industry and furniture manufacturing in Slovenia, as well as in Croatia, is far behind the promotion enjoyed by other industrial branches. This paper will give the current situation in promotional activities of wood sector in Slovenian and Croatian media and demonstrate the existing differences among given countries. Also, it will present some ideas on improving this situation according to media share of other highly profiled industrial branches in some southeastern European countries.

Prohodnost šumskog vozila, određena je njegovom mogućnošću svladavanja terenskih nepravilnosti šumskoga bespuća, pri čemu dolazi do interakcije dva geometrijska sustava – geometrije vozila i geometrije površine terena. Sama se prohodnost vozila (kao sastavnica kretnosti) očituje kroz: 1) mogućnost kretanja vozila po nepravilnostima terena, 2) mogućnost upravljanja (kontrole) vozilom, ali i 3) udobnost vožnje. Dimenzijske su značajke šumskih vozila određene tijekom njihove konstrukcije (gabaritne mjere, kretni sustav i način upravljanja, masa vozila i položaj točke težišta) te utječu na razinu njihove prohodnosti. Neovisno o namjeni vozila, poznati su mnogi pokazatelji njihove prohodnosti koji im određuju područje operativne primjene, a među koje se ubrajaju i kutovi te polumjeri prohodnosti vozila. Literatura poznaje navedene pokazatelje, ali i samo približno točne izraze za njihovo izračunavanje uslijed različitosti konstrukcije i primjene vozila uopće. Rad se bavi, na primjeru skidera s vitlom, značenjem kutova i polumjera prohodnosti šumskih vozila, kao pokazateljima njihove prohodnosti pri kretanju po nepravilnostima šumskoga bespuća. Uvažavajući posebnosti konstrukcije skidera s vitlom te ustaljenost odnosa među dimenzijskim značajkama neovisno o njihovim proizvođačima, izvedeni su izrazi za: prednji, središnji i stražnji kut prohodnosti te uzdužni i poprečni polumjer prohodnosti skidera.

The Mediterranean forest region has been exposed to anthropogenic impacts for centuries, and the constant biotic and abiotic factors, together with increasing climate change, have hindered the proper management of forest ecosystems. This study presents the results of multiyear, systematic, specific and practical monitoring of the conversion of holm oak coppices using the principles of the shelterwood system. It also presents the growth and development dynamics of the stand on a permanent experimental plot from 1997 to 2017. The research was performed in the Eumediterranean vegetation zone of coniferous forest (Forest Management, Buzet branch, Pula Forestry Office, Magran Cuf management unit, compartment 83a). The plot has all the properties of a holm oak and manna ash forests (Orno-Quercetum ilicis H-ić/1956/1958). The basic elements of stand structure were monitored: diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, horizontal crown projection, crown ground shading (light) and the appearance and abundance of all woody vegetation, with special emphasis on the growth and development of young generations of holm oak from seed. The paper also describes the threats limiting growth, development and survival of holm oak from seed (strong shooting tendencies of coppiced holm oak and bay laurel trees, excessive presence of shrubs). Forest management requires effective, timely and repeated tending to thin stands (already under the canopy), while also protecting young trees from wild game. The statistical method of interpolation determined the trends of stand development; trend equation with coefficient of determination (R2) is very high. This indicates the growth and development of the stand in the direction of renewal of holm oak stands. Shelterwood cutting, with regular and timely tending of young generations of trees through a seven-year regeneration period, resulted in a high quality young high forest of holm oak, the first of its kind in the broader Mediterranean area. The indigenous stands of holm oak, as the fundamental climatogenic coniferous species of the Mediterranean species, have multiple roles such as protection from erosion, resilience to biotic and abiotic factors and forest fires, tourism and landscape functions, and other general forest functions, and therefore deserve intensive and ongoing research. Holm oak stands also play a part in conserving genetic and biological diversity, the potential and persistence of forest ecosystems, improving stand structure, stability and resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change, and in the long-term increase the commercial value of forest stands in the Croatian Mediterranean.