F-FDG PET-CT imaging is more sensitive than BMB for BMI detection in pHL staging. BMB should be limited to those with normal marrow uptake in the presence of poor risk factors or those with diffusely increased uptake to exclude marrow involvement in the background of reactive marrow.

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Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a branched deciduous shrub native to Europe and Asia. The plant has been used extensively in oriental traditional system of medicine for treatment of different diseases. Seabuckthorn is found to have significant antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, hepatoprtective and tissue regenerative properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), 15 minutes after the i.p. administration of 120mg/kg nicotinamide. Seabuckthorn was administered orally to streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Blood glucose, tissue glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in pancreas were estimated following the established procedures. Biochemical observations were supplemented with histological examination of pancreatic tissue. The increase of blood glucose, TBARS level with reduction in GSH content were the salient features observed in STZ-diabetic rats. Sea buckthorn produced a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels and TBARS levels in the STZ-diabetic rats. GSH, reduced significantly (p< 0.05) in diabetic rats, was brought back to near normal levels by co-administration of sea buckthorn. Degenerative changes of pancreatic beta cells in STZ-diabetic rats were minimized to near normal morphology by administration of sea buckthorn as evident by histopathological examination. The results of the study indicate the role of oxidative stress in the induction of diabetes and suggest a protective effect of sea buckthorn in this animal model.

Background:The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of ischemic stroke subtypes based on Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification at a tertiary care center in Pakistan.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Stroke Unit of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. We included 145 patients who presented to us from November 2015 to February 2016 with radiological confirmed neurological deficits consistent with ischemic stroke. The causes of ischemic stroke were classified according to TOAST criteria. Regression analysis and Chi-square test were used to compute P value.Results:Among the 145 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke, there were 54.1% males and 45.9% females with a mean age of 65 ± 14 years. Nearly 62.7% patients had hypertension (HTN) as the most common risk factor, followed by 38.6% diabetes mellitus (DM), 27.5% heart failure, 19.3% valvular disease, 18.6% previous stroke, 16.4% smoking, 15.1% dyslipidemia, 13.7% ischemic heart disease, and 13.1% atrial fibrillation. HTN was significantly associated with large vessel disease (P = 0.028). DM was significantly associated with small vessel disease (P = 0.001). Smoking and atrial fibrillation both were associated with unknown etiology of stroke (P = 0.001 and P = 0.039, respectively). Most common etiology of stroke was cardioembolism (40%), and atrial fibrillation is found to be the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke with 30.6% incidence.Conclusion:Our study concludes that cardioembolic stroke is the most common cause of acute ischemic stroke in our stroke unit. Atrial fibrillation is found to be the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke.

Ectopic thyroid is a rare/incidental imaging finding. When discovered, 90% of ectopic thyroid is found typically along the pathway of embryologic migration of thyroid tissue, whereas around 10% have been discovered in other anatomical locations including the mediastinum and the heart. Thyroid scintigraphy with Tc sodium pertechnetate (TcO4) is peculiar for thyroid tissue uptake. The current case, clinically euthyroid, had heterogeneous uptake in multinodular goiter with uptake in the ectopic thyroid tissue in right paratracheal location on functional imaging with TcO4. Subsequent single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging confirmed the ectopic thyroid tissue.

To compare the detection efficacy of radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy (LS) versus patent blue dye (PBD) technique for hidden sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer patients and to determine which modality is better for SLN detection. One hundred and thirty-four early stage breast cancer female patients with clinically negative axilla who underwent post technetium-99m nanocolloid injection single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) for negative SLN on planar imaging were studied prospectively between 2015 and 2017. Following SPECT-CT, patients underwent peroperative gamma probe count detection GP-CD and PBD technique. Visually, blue stained ± hot nodes were surgically removed and subjected to histopathological analysis. The detection rate by individual method was calculated. Kappa statistics were applied to calculate overall agreement between radioisotope and PBD techniques for diagnostic value assessment. One hundred and thirty-four patients underwent SPECT-CT LS and PBD injection. Mean age: 47 ± 7.6 years (range: 26–82 years). Forty-nine (36.6%) had T1 and 85 (63.4%) T2. SPECT-CT LS detected SLN in 105/134 cases (success rate: 78.4%), later GP-CD localized “hot nodes”in additional 20 cases (success rate: 93.3%). The PBD successfully localized SLN in 131/134 (97.8%) cases. Three cases remained negative on both radioisotope and PBD localization, which on subsequent nodal dissection had metastatic disease. All SLNs detected on SPECT-CT showed blue dye uptake. In 112 cases, more than one SLN was surgically removed. Frozen section analysis of excised SLNs showed metastasis in 31%. Overall moderate agreement (k = 0.56) was calculated. No statistically significant difference was seen between isotope detection and PBD. Radionuclide sentinel mapping has good detection rate particularly combined with peroperative GP-CD. The PBD has added value to reduce false-negative rate of SLN mapping and can substitute radionuclide imaging with negative results.

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