OBJECTIVES To find the frequency radiolucencies associated with the second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar in the maxilla as compared to the mandible. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 385 Orthopantomograms (OPG) of patients visiting Sharif Medical and Dental College (SMDC), Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) and Institute of Dentistry, CMH, Lahore Medical College, Lahore over a period of three months from December 2020 to February 2021. Patients above the age of 21 years were included in this study. Grossly carious third molars with inadequate tooth structure to be evaluated and patients with missing maxillary and mandibular third molars were excluded from the study. RESULTS The association between periapical radiolucencies (p=0.140), pericoronal radiolucencies (p=1.000) and external root resorption (p= 0.157) with the arch type (mandible/ maxilla) were not statistically significant but that of caries with the arch was significant (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION The periapical and pericoronal radiolucencies, caries and external root resorption associated with the second molar in the presence of an impacted third molar were higher in the mandible as compared to the maxilla.
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy and music therapy in managing dental anxiety and pain among restorative dental patients in Peshawar, Pakistan. Sixty dental patients were selected after strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was taken from the patients and instructed on the study protocols. Two groups were formed. One group had aromatherapy during the dental procedure, and the other had music therapy. The dental anxiety scale revised, present pain intensity and pain severity were used as the measuring tools in the study. SPSS 23 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the analysis of the results. The association between pain intensity of dental patients with aromatherapy and music therapy was not significant. The percentage of discomforting pain in patients after aromatherapy was higher than in music therapy, while a higher percentage of patients were completely pain-free after music therapy. The mean rank score of pain severity was higher in a patient who received aromatherapy than music therapy. The difference in the pain severity scores across the therapy groups was statistically significant. The mean rank score of dental anxiety was also statistically significantly different across the therapy groups. The mean rank score of dental anxiety was higher for the patients who received aromatherapy than music therapy. It was concluded that distraction therapy works better to reduce the dental anxiety and pain intensity of dental patients. Furthermore, studies should be conducted to closely evaluate the difference and association of non-pharmacological treatments in this area.
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