This paper evaluates the performance of the high-density apple plantation scheme, launched in 2016 in Jammu & Kashmir, India to boost both productivity and production of apples, amidst the stagnancy witnessed in the sector. Primary data was collected from apple farmers in two districts, Kulgam and Pulwama. The qualitative techniques were used to estimate the yield, establishment cost, and break-even year of the different orchard densities. Multiple Regression Analysis and multivariate statistical techniques were used for yield-forecasting and estimation of Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return respectively. The results show that the yield has increased by two-five times than the traditional orchards. Break-even year for different densities without government was found to be 6-years while with government support it went down to just 4-5 years. Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return, further substantiate high-profitability and early returns in these orchards. Further, it was concluded that the government subsidy provides significant support to the farmers in two main densities -2200trees/hectare and 3300trees/hectare. Thus, the government should broaden the scheme and make it more inclusive for the overall development of the sector. Contribution/ OriginalityThe study provides a foundational pathway to research regarding the economic analysis of high-density orchards in Jammu & Kashmir. It is the first study that deals extensively with the present and prospects of the high-density orchards in the region. The results of the paper suggest that the government should be more inclusive and provide due support to the farmers for establishing these highly profitable orchards.
Per capita meat and pork consumption is highest in Nagaland, India. The present study analysed pork production and its consumption in Nagaland, North East India vis-à -vis the pork value chain. In Nagaland, two processes are simultaneously present: a high demand of pork and a continous decline in the pig population. The pig population in Nagaland has decreased by almost 42% since 2007 and almost 20% since 2012. Highest pork production in Nagaland was recorded in 2014–2015 with 60.45 thousand metric tonnes and then it declined to 15.77 thousand metric tonnes in 2018–2019. Compounded annual growth rate in pig population and pork production saw negative growth rate during last two decades. In consumption basket, pork constitutes almost 50% of total meat consumed. The state is deficit by 51.34% in meat production in 2017-18. The structure of pig value chain is dominated by small holder farms, traditional out dated technology, unorganized input services, lack of infrastructure, and absence of marketing channels. To make the pig value chain competitive, there is urgent need to revamp the pig production technology, strengthen the marketing infrastructure including slaughter houses, and increase in credit flow in the pig sector.
This paper intends to study that the current post-harvest management of apple industry in Jammu and Kashmir. Apple contributes 60-65 percent to the total horticultural crop production in Jammu & Kashmir from an acreage of over 50 percent. In terms of value of output, 70 percent of the total value of output in horticulture comes from apple alone. Secondary Data from National Horticulture Board, Directorate of Horticulture, Jammu & Kashmir was used to highlight the problems which hinder the horticulture sector to reach to its potential. The paper found that that poor harvesting technique, poor marketing intelligence, inadequate storage facilities, lack of technological development and insufficient and inefficient marketing infrastructure are major hindrances in apple industry in the region. Further, there are no CA (Controlled Atmosphere) facilities in some of major horticulture producing districts of the region and the quantity of the produce stored in these CA facilities does not suffice the need of the market. Annually there is aggregate loss of 23000crores of horticultural crops during post-harvest management like transportation, delays due to high intermediaries. Due to poor storage and infrastructure facilities, the producer attempts to dispose-off the produce quickly in the shortest possible time. This negates his capacity to hold the stock for better prices during off-season and leads to a natural slump in the market prices. Poor marketing intelligence among the farmers and lack of proper grading and sorting at the harvesting stage affects the marketing of the quality apple from the region. This overall impact the farmers' remuneration. Extended storage facilities in the potential areas at the block level or district level, proper training to the farmers for grading and sorting during harvesting may prove beneficial to the sector.
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