This paper evaluates the performance of the high-density apple plantation scheme, launched in 2016 in Jammu & Kashmir, India to boost both productivity and production of apples, amidst the stagnancy witnessed in the sector. Primary data was collected from apple farmers in two districts, Kulgam and Pulwama. The qualitative techniques were used to estimate the yield, establishment cost, and break-even year of the different orchard densities. Multiple Regression Analysis and multivariate statistical techniques were used for yield-forecasting and estimation of Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return respectively. The results show that the yield has increased by two-five times than the traditional orchards. Break-even year for different densities without government was found to be 6-years while with government support it went down to just 4-5 years. Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return, further substantiate high-profitability and early returns in these orchards. Further, it was concluded that the government subsidy provides significant support to the farmers in two main densities -2200trees/hectare and 3300trees/hectare. Thus, the government should broaden the scheme and make it more inclusive for the overall development of the sector. Contribution/ OriginalityThe study provides a foundational pathway to research regarding the economic analysis of high-density orchards in Jammu & Kashmir. It is the first study that deals extensively with the present and prospects of the high-density orchards in the region. The results of the paper suggest that the government should be more inclusive and provide due support to the farmers for establishing these highly profitable orchards.
This paper intends to study that the current post-harvest management of apple industry in Jammu and Kashmir. Apple contributes 60-65 percent to the total horticultural crop production in Jammu & Kashmir from an acreage of over 50 percent. In terms of value of output, 70 percent of the total value of output in horticulture comes from apple alone. Secondary Data from National Horticulture Board, Directorate of Horticulture, Jammu & Kashmir was used to highlight the problems which hinder the horticulture sector to reach to its potential. The paper found that that poor harvesting technique, poor marketing intelligence, inadequate storage facilities, lack of technological development and insufficient and inefficient marketing infrastructure are major hindrances in apple industry in the region. Further, there are no CA (Controlled Atmosphere) facilities in some of major horticulture producing districts of the region and the quantity of the produce stored in these CA facilities does not suffice the need of the market. Annually there is aggregate loss of 23000crores of horticultural crops during post-harvest management like transportation, delays due to high intermediaries. Due to poor storage and infrastructure facilities, the producer attempts to dispose-off the produce quickly in the shortest possible time. This negates his capacity to hold the stock for better prices during off-season and leads to a natural slump in the market prices. Poor marketing intelligence among the farmers and lack of proper grading and sorting at the harvesting stage affects the marketing of the quality apple from the region. This overall impact the farmers' remuneration. Extended storage facilities in the potential areas at the block level or district level, proper training to the farmers for grading and sorting during harvesting may prove beneficial to the sector.
This paper intends to study the Spatio-temporal growth of the walnut crop in Jammu & Kashmir, which holds a monopoly in walnut production in India. It also aims to assess the efficiency of the existing marketing channels of the walnut-crop in the region. A multi-stage random selection technique was used to collect primary data from three major walnut producing districts to identify the existing marketing channels and estimate their respective efficiencies. Compound-Annual-Growth-rate and Cuddy-Della-Valle index was used to estimate the growth of the walnut crop. Shepherd’s Marketing Efficiency Index was used to estimate the marketing efficiencies of the channels involved in the marketing of the crop. This paper found out very-high variability and slow growth in acreage, very-high variability, and high growth in production as well as in yield-per-hectare of the walnut crop.
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