In this study, it was aimed to investigate cultivation of Lentinula edodes by using different agricultural wastes (oak sawdust, poplar sawdust, wheat stalk, peanut shell, corncob and vine pruning waste) and to determine the most suitable growing mixture/mixtures. For this purpose, 12 growing mixtures were tested. Within the scope of the experiment, besides measurement of yield and quality parameters of mushrooms, properties of agricultural wastes and enzyme activities (laccase and cellulase) of mixtures at different periods were measured. Based on results of the study, the highest and lowest amounts of nitrogen were obtained from after harvest (1.71%) and after sterilization (1.34%) periods, respectively. While the highest amount of carbon was at the after-sterilization period (46.6%), the lowest amount was recorded at the after harvest (45.64%) period. The fastest and slowest mycelia development time was observed in A7 (21.67 days) and A4 (50 days) mixtures, respectively. While the highest yield was determined in A5 (299.59 g kg-1) mixture, A9 (55.99 g kg-1), A6 (65.59 g kg-1) and A11 (75.47 g kg-1) gave the lowest results. While the highest biological activity rate was recorded in A3 (93.65 %) and A5 (92.90%), the lowest was observed in A11 (21.45%), A6 (19.85%) and A9 (19.22%) mixtures. The highest and lowest protein amounts were determined in the A5, A7 and A10, A9 and C mixtures, respectively. The highest cellulase and laccase activities were found in A3 (3.16 IU g-1) and A7 (2164.48 U g-1), respectively.

Aims: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different agricultural wastes on yield and quality of the Pleurotus eryngii culture, which has very limited production in Turkey.Methods and Results: Spawn of P. eryngii were inoculated to substrate mixtures; oak sawdust (K), 2 oak sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G1), 2 poplar sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G2), 2 wheat stalk + 1 wheat bran (G3), 1 oak sawdust + 1 poplar sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G4), 1 oak sawdust + 1 wheat stalk + 1 wheat bran (G5), 2 peanut shell + 1 wheat bran (G6), 2 corn cob + 1 wheat bran (G7), 2 vine pruning waste +1 wheat bran (G8), 1 peanut shell + 1 oak sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G9), 1 corn cob + 1 oak sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G10), 1 vine pruning waste +1 oak sawdust + 1 wheat bran (G11). As a result of the study, while the shortest mycelia development time was recorded in G6 and G9 with 17 days, the longest time was in G4 medium with 30 days. The highest and the lowest yield were obtained from G6 and G3 with 171.14 g kg-1 bag and 53.26 g kg-1 respectively. While the highest biological efficiency was found in G9 with 44.86%,the lowest value was recorded in G3 with 17.34%. Conclusions: In yield, biological efficiency and mycelia development time, G6 and G9 mediums were found to be better than the others. When considering the importance of yield, biological efficiency and mycelia development time for producers, the success of peanut shell in P. eryngii culture is noteworthy.Significance and Impact of the Study: When common peanut culture in the Çukurova Region of Türkiye is considered, it is an important result that the waste of this plant can be used in the mushroom cultivation.

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde neredeyse hiç üretimi yapılmayan bir mantar türü olan Grifola frondosa (maitake mantarı)’nın yetiştiricilik koşullarının ortaya konulması, farklı yetiştiricilik ortamlarının maitake mantarının verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin test edilerek, en uygun substrat materyallerinin ve bunların karışım oranlarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Tohumluk misellerin elde edilmesinde, WC 828 No’lu ırk, ana kültürün çoğaltılmasında ise Patates Dekstroz Agar (PDA) besin ortamı kullanılmıştır. G. frondosa’nın miselleri; meşe (K), meşe (2 h) + kepek (1 h) (E1), kavak (2 h)+ kepek (1 h) (E2), meşe (1 h) + kavak (1 h) + kepek (1 h) (E3), buğday sapı (1 h) + kepek (1 h) (E4), meşe (1 h) + buğday sapı (1 h) + kepek (1 h) (E5) substrat karışımlarına aşılanmıştır. Çalışmada; yetiştirme ortamlarının pH analizi, nem içeriği, azot, karbon, karbon/azot oranı parametreleri belirlenmiş, misel sarım hızı, verim, biyolojik etkinlik ve ortalama ağırlık açısından ortamlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, en kısa misel sarım süresi 35 gün ile E1, en uzun ise 42 gün ile E4 ortamından elde edilmiştir. K, E2 ve E3 karışımlarında misel sarımı gözlemlenmemiştir. Kurutulmuş mantar örneklerinde yapılan protein analizinde; en yüksek protein içeriği %35.53 ile E4 ortamında ve en düşük ise %32.99 ile E5 ortamından elde edilen mantarlarda tespit edilmiştir. Kuru madde E4 ortamında %14.79, E5 ortamında ise %13.57 olmuştur. Mantar ağırlığı ise (tek bir mantar için) E4 ortamında 17.26 g, E5 ortamında ise 33.92 g olarak kaydedilmiştir. Mantar verimi E4 ortamında 55.02 g kg-1 kompost olurken, E5 ortamında 124.82 g kg-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Biyolojik etkinlik oranının, %22.83 (E4 ortamı)-29.29 (E5 ortamı) arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Substrat karışımlarında yapılan analizlerde ise en yüksek kül oranı (%9.49) ve protein oranı (%8.79) E4 ortamından elde edilmiştir.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum on a twig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareous soils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fici on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidario­phoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grown path. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a biodeteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl. Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bag worm moths (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. from pond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae from soil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil. Taiwan region (China), Neo­phaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes.

The authors present a contribution to Amanita alseides, so far known from its type specimens from France and Italy. A detailed description is included, based on molecularly supported collections from Bulgaria and Greece, expanding the knowledge on the morphological variability and the distribution of the species.

Amanita beckeri was described six decades ago, but still remains among the less known and least featured in the mycological literature species of the genus in Europe. The authors present concise description and illustrations of a collection of the species from the Balkan Peninsula, which identity is supported by analysis of rITS sequences. Comparison with similar brownish-colored ringless amanitas is presented and an account of the current knowledge about its distribution is included.

The authors present descriptions and illustrations of Amanita coryli, rarely featured in the mycological literature, based on molecularly characterised by nrITS sequences specimens from the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria and Turkey). The collections studied here suggest that the species is probably not restricted to the presumed host-trees of the genus Corylus and may also occur with some Fagaceae. Further, the analysis of previously released sequences in public databases show that it is a species with a wide distribution in Eurasia, probably much more common than currently known, but likely confused with other members of the section Vaginatae.