No abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, which has great importance for human and animal health. Although 13 serotypes have been identified for L. monocytogenes, four of these serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c and 4b) are significant with regard to human listeriosis. With this study, beef, sheep and chicken meat samples were examined for L. monocytogenes and serotype of isolates were detected by molecular methods. A total of 156 marketed meat samples comprising of beef, sheep and chicken were collected from different supermarkets, butchers and retail shops. L. monocytogenes contamination rate was found as 12.8% in overall meat samples. In this study L. monocytogenes were detected in meat samples of beef, sheep and chicken meat samples as 14.8% (8 of 54), 9.6% (5 of 52), 14% (7 of 50), respectively. Common serotype was belonged to 1/2c in beef meats, 1/2a in chicken meats. L. monocytogenes strains of sheep were serotyped first time and dominant serotype was found to be 1/2c in Turkey. The presence of L. monocytogenes, contamination level and predominant serotype distribution in diverse foods should be elucidated with comprehensive studies mainly in animal products. Additionally, genetic relationship of human and animal isolates should be revealed and the role of animal products in human listeriosis should be investigated.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid added to quail diets, on blood serum, enzymes in tissues, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora. In the study, first treatment [(control) (0g hesperidin/kg feed)], second treatment [(HES1) (1 g hesperidin/kg feed)], third treatment [(HES2) (2 g hesperidin/kg feed)] was added to with the basal diet through 35 d. The study was carried out with 3 main groups, 20 quails with 5 sub-repeats in each group and a total of 300 quails. At the end of the study, blood, liver and thigh muscle tissue and fecal samples were taken. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in the HES1 group but increased in the HES2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST) increased in the HES1 group compared to the control group and decreased in the HES2 group (P<0.05). Amylase, on the other hand, showed a regular increase in HES1 and HES2 groups to which hesperidin was added to the control group in hesperidin added groups (P<0.05). The tissue antioxidant GSH, CAT and SOD enzyme parameters showed a significant increase in the hesperidin added groups compared to the control group, and this increase was found to be significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). In intestinal histomorphology, in hesperidin treatment groups increased the height of villus in the cecum tissue; in colon tissue, it was determined that hesperidin added groups increased villus height but decreased crypt depth (P<0.05). Consequently, diets hesperidin with treatments positively is thought to affect the lipid, thigh, liver and serum antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora in quail.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid added to quail rations, on blood serum, antioxidant enzymes in tissues, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora. In this context, three groups have been created. The first group has been administered basal ration (Group C). The second group (HES1) has been administered basal ration with hesperidin (1g / kg feed). The third group (HES2) has been administered basal ration with additional hesperidin (2g / kg feed). The experiment lasted 35 days. Blood, tissue and feces samples were taken at the end of the experiment. A significant difference has been found in the blood serum in terms of ALT, AST, LDH and Amylase enzymes in the groups with hesperidin compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in the hesperidine groups in tissue antioxidant GSH, CAT and SOD enzyme parameters compared to the control group (p < 0.05). When looking at the intestinal histomorphology, a significant difference has been found within the test groups in the colon in terms of both villus height and crypt depth, and at villus height in the cecum tissue. As a result, the study's hypothesis has been supported by the fact that hesperidin positively affects the lipid concentration of quail, rump, liver and serum antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histomorphology and feces microflora of anaerobe bacteria, particularly Clostridium spp.