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This study examines the effect of different doses of hesperidin added to quail diets on growth performance of birds as well as on lipid peroxidation, some microbiological and physicochemical properties, and fatty acid profile of thigh tissue. In total 300 (male and female) Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into three groups: control (C) group fed only a basal diet, HES1 and HES2 groups fed basal diet with the addition of 1 and 2 g/kg hesperidin, respectively. It was observed that hesperidin addition to quail diets had no effect on the growth performance parameters, such as live weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, regardless of examined dose. It was determined that hesperidin dose did not affect meat water activity (P > 0.05) but influenced pH or colour parameters [brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*)] of meat (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of hesperidin supplementation was observed as counts of total mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria were limited and variable (P < 0.05). It was determined that hesperidin had a statistically significant effect on lipid peroxidation in meat on day 1 and 4 of storage. In addition, it was observed that the added hesperidin had a positive effect on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in terms of the lipid profile in thigh tissue (P < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that the hesperidin addition to quail diets exerted influence on microbiological properties and lipid peroxidation of meat, which can influence shelf life quality of quail meat; but also hesperidin addition had a health-promoting effect on the fatty acid profile of thigh meat increasing n-3 PUFA content.

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In this study, our aim was to compare estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents in dried alfalfa samples in their different growth stages, using models such as NRC-2001, HohenheimMenke and University of California at Davis (UC Davis). A total of 73 alfalfa hay samples obtained during three different growth stages (Vegetative, Bud and Bloom) were used. Chemical analyses were performed for each sample. Energy values of the alfalfa hay samples were calculated with NRC-2001 equations from chemical analysis results, and with HohenheimMenke and UC Davis equations from in vitro gas production volumes. Gas production in alfalfa samples in vegetative period (S1) was higher than other periods (P<0.001). Again, ME values calculated with all three methods in the alfalfa hay samples of this period were significantly higher than the samples in bud and bloom periods (P<0.001).