This study was carried out to investigate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and milk composition in first and second lactation Holstein dairy cows. Thirty cows in first lactation and 49 cows in second lactation were used in the study. Animals were 15±9.87 days in milk. Individual milk samples were collected monthly from June 2009 to March 2010, and somatic cell counts, milk protein, milk fat, lactose and milk urea-N were determined. Four SCC groups were formed for determining effect of SCC on milk yield and composition. These groups were as follows: ≤200, 201-500, 501-999, and ≥1.000¥10 3 cell/mL. It was observed that SCC had a high significant effect on milk yield, milk protein, milk lactose (P<0.01), total solids and milk urea-N (P<0.05), however, the effect of SCC on milk fat was not significant (P>0.05). This study indicates that high SCC negatively affects not only milk yield but also milk composition and quality.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactation number and months on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC) and udder measurements in Holstein cows. In the study, 30 first lactation and 49 second lactation, totally 79 Holstein cows housing in a farm located in Nigde province (Turkey) were used. Somatic cell count and udder measurements were determined at each visit of the farm per months, while lactation milk yield of each animal was calculated using Test Interval Method. It was observed that the effect of lactation number on lactation milk yield (P<0.01) and SCC (P<0.05) was increased significantly. The effect of lactation number on udder measurements was significant (P<0.01) except front teat length (FTD). Influence of lactation months on milk yield and SCC was increased and statistically significant (P<0.01). The effect of lactation months on distance between front teats (DFT), distance between rear teats (DRT), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD) was significant (P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between SCC and milk yield, front teat clearance from ground (FTC) and rear teat clearance from ground (RTC). On the other hand, a positive correlation was also evident between RTD and distance between front and rear teats. Furthermore, there were positive correlation between milk yield and DFT, DFR, DRT, and FTD, whereas a negative correlation was observed between milk yield and FTC. In conclusion, cows in second lactation showed importantly increased milk yield and SCC as compared to cows in first lactation, whereas FTC and RTC decreased and other udder measurements increased.

Background. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a difficult, chronic wound with a significant long-term influence on the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients. There is much information about the biochemical features of collagen and its function in wound healing. The aim of this study was to compare the results of DFU patients treated with and without collagen. Methods. A retrospective evaluation was made of the data of patients with DFU who underwent collagen treatment and physiological serum (PS) treatment. The patients were followed-up for a minimum of 12 weeks, and all complications, healing process, and wound characteristics were recorded. Results. Of the total 64 DFU patients included in the study, 30 were treated with PS and 34 with collagen. Complete closure was achieved in 17 (56.6%) of the PS group patients after 12 weeks of treatment. The rate was 25 (73.5%) in the collagen group. The mean duration of treatment was 9.2 weeks (range = 6-12 weeks) in the PS group and 8.08 weeks (range = 5-12 weeks) in the collagen group. The recovery time and recovery rates were determined to be better in the collagen group than in the PS group. Conclusion. A significant reduction in wound size was seen in the collagen group compared with the PS group. The results of this study demonstrated that collagen dressings are better than conventional dressings with regard to early granulation tissue and shorter hospital stay.

No abstract

Bu çalışma, Niğde ili süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin bugünkü durumunun ortaya konulması, öncelikli sorunların tespiti ve bu sorunların çözümüne ilişkin çeşitli önerilerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, ilin tamamını temsil edecek şekilde tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen toplam 95 süt sığırcılığı işletmesi örnek olarak alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları; süt sığırı yetiştiricilerin büyük bir kısmının (%60) ilkokul mezunu, sığırcılık yapma süresinin ortalama 15,2 yıl olduğunu; işçilik olarak önemli oranda (%92) aile işgücünün kullanıldığını, sığır ırkı olarak işletmelerin %54'ünün sadece Holstein, %19'unun Holstein ve Simental, %15'inin sadece Montofon, %6'sının sadece Simental, %4'ünün Holstein ve Montofon, %2'sinin de Montofon ve Simental yetiştirdiklerini; işletme başına ortalama hayvan sayısının 33 baş, sağmal inek sayısının ise 13 baş olduğunu, sağmal hayvan başına günlük ortalama süt veriminin ise 16,6 kg olduğunu göstermiştir. Yetiştiriciler, öncelikli sorunlar olarak sırasıyla yem ve işçilik gibi temel girdilerin pahalı olması, kesif yem temini, ürünlerin değer fiyattan satılamaması, kaba yem ve mera sorununu göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca, Likert ölçeği skorlarına göre yetiştiricilerin en fazla memnun oldukları ilk beş konunun sırasıyla; yetiştirilen hayvan ırkı (3,95), üyesi olunan yetiştirici örgütünün hizmetleri (3,94), sağım işlemleri (3,76), buzağı doğum ve bakım işleri (3,74) ile kayıt tutma ve hayvan takip sisteminin (3,71) olduğu görülmüştür. Yetiştiriciler açısından memnuniyet düzeyi en düşük olan ilk beş konunun ise sırasıyla; sığırcılıkla ilgili Bakanlık politikaları (1,83), üretilen hayvanların satış fiyatı ve pazar durumu (1,96), üretilen sütün satış fiyatı ve pazar durumu (2,04), yem ve işçilik gibi temel girdilerin temini ve maliyeti (2,06) ile kredi ve finansal destekler (2,08) olduğu görülmüştür. This study was conducted to determine the current status of dairy cattle farms in Niğde, to detect basic priority problems and to offer some solutions. In the study, representing all provinces, total 95 dairy farms selected by stratified and random sampling method was taken. The data obtained from the surveys in farms, face-to-face was used. The results showed that the large portion of dairy cattle breeders (60%) were primary school graduates, the average duration of cattle breeding was 15.2 years, a significant proportion of labor (92%) of family labor was used, 54%, 19%, 15%, 6%, 4% and 2% of farms reared only Holstein, Holstein and Simmental, only Brown Swiss, only Simmental, Holstein and Brown Swiss, and Simmental and Brown Swiss respectively, the average number of animals per farm was 33, the number of dairy cows was 13, the average daily milk yield per lactating cow was 16.6 kg. Farmers agreed that the most important problems were the high cost of basic inputs, concentrated feed problem, low cost of products sold, roughage and pasture problem. In addition, according to Likert scale, the most satisfied activities were reared cattle breed (3.95), breeder's organization services (3...