Aims:To investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Salvadora Persica extract on HSV-1 infection both in vitro and in vivo in the mouse model system. Materials and methods: Ethanolic extract of Salvadora Persica was used at different concentrations. BHK cells that grown in Eagles medium were used for virus isolation and titration using PFU/ml. The effects of different concentrations of Salvadora Persica on viral growth in BHK cells as well as cytolytic activity of HSV-1 were evaluated at different time post infection. The therapeutic efficacy of Salvadora Persica in vivo was studied in mice. Lesions were scored and viral isolation from infected skin and ganglia was titrated on BHK cells. Results: Salvadora Persica inhibited the replication of HSV-1 in BHK cells as well as the cytolytic activity of cell free virus. Topical application of Salvadora Persica on the skin of mice infected with HSV-1 reduced the development of cutaneous lesions and the viral titers in the skin and ganglia were also reduced. Conclusion: The results of this work may be beneficial for the treatment of recurrent oral herpes infections.
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of four different disinfectant solutions in rapid decontamination of gutta percha cones. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 320 gutta percha cones were placed in bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans for 30 minutes, and then immersed in disinfectant solutions (6% hydrogen peroxide, 2% chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and 70% ethyl alcohol) for 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. After that, the cones were aseptically transferred to the test tubes containing 4 ml brain heart infusion broth, and then cultured on selected agar media and number of colonies was estimated after 24 hours incubation at 37 o C. Results: Hydrogen peroxide was effective in 1 minute, while chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite after 10 minutes, and ethyl alcohol in 5 minutes for decontamination of gutta percha cones. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide was the most effective agents in decontamination of gutta perch cones.
Aim: To study the effects of local anesthesia on blood pressure in patients undergo extraction of maxillary teeth under infiltration local anesthesia and to compare the level of salivary chromogranin A before and after administration of local anesthesia and its possible correlation with hemodynamic effects of local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 patients (18 female, 8 male) who need tooth extraction under infiltration local anesthesia were examined in two situations (pre and post local anesthetic administration). For each patient salivary sample was collected by salivette to estimate the level of chromogranin A using ELISA Kits. For all patients, the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after administration of local anesthesia using automatic blood pressure recorder. Results: the results showed significant differences between salivary chromogranin A for patients before the administration of local anesthesia (580.33 ± 130.42) ng/ml and after the administration of local anesthesia (674.51+ 130.93) ng/ml with p < 0.05. The results also showed that the mean value of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) lowered after administration of local anesthesia but with no significant differences (p > 0.05) with pre -local anesthetic value. The pulse rate was increase in it is value after local anesthetic administration with a significant differences (p < 0.05) than pre -anesthetic value. Conclusions: tooth extraction and administration of infiltration local anesthesia caused hypotension with no significant effect (p > 0.05) while it caused increase in pulse rate with a significant effect (p < 0.05). Administration of infiltration local anesthesia caused significant effects on salivary chromogranin A levels, also this study showed that there was significant inverse correlation between systolic blood pressure and chromogranin A levels(p < 0.05) after administration of infiltrations local anesthesia during dental treatments (tooth extraction).
Aims:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of MTA against selected microorganisms compared with a widely used root end filling materials. Materials and methods: Fifteen mm discs of MTA, GIC and Amalgam were prepared and three types of microorganisms; two bacteria and one fungus, were grown in 4 ml of brain heart infusion broth for 18 hr. Then 0.5 ml of each growth was spread over selected media (three plates for each sample) and the discs were applied on the agar, incubated for 24-48 hr and the zone of inhibition was measured. Results: Amalgam did not demonstrate any antimicrobial activity, whereas MTA showed antimicrobial effect against all tested microorganisms and was highly significant. GIC showed antibacterial activity comparable to MTA but failed to produce antifungal effect. Conclusions: MTA demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal effect, while GIC showed only antibacterial activity, whereas Amalgam did not show any activity.
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