The purpose of this study was to highlight the possible causes of humeral fracture in mature pregnant buffalos at late gestation, in order to reduce its economic losses caused by slaughtering of the animal with the subsequent loss of the offspring and milk production. This study was performed over 3 years. Anatomical characteristics of the right and left humerus of mature buffalos were evaluated in fifty specimens (right and left of the same animals) using gross and radiological examinations (X-rays and CT). Biochemical analysis of blood serum samples collected from 45 mature female Egyptian buffalos was performed using the spectrophotometric method. The result of the present study indicated that humeral fracture (especially) in pregnant Egyptian buffalos during the last period of gestation have anatomic and metabolic factors, which interact and attribute to render the bone liable to fracture with minimum amount of stress. During this critical period, the heavy pregnant buffalos female requires careful management and handling.

Purpose: To compare clinically the fracture incidence in overdentures constructed by CAD/ CAM technology and compare it with those overdentures constructed by conventional heat cured methods in mandibular overdentures retained by two implants.Materials and Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients were participated in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups of patients (Group A and group B). Group A patients received complete dentures constructed by conventional heat cured technique. Group B patients received complete dentures constructed by CAD/CAM technology. All the patients received two root form implants bilaterally in the canine regions following delayed loading protocol. Locator attachment was then used to retain the overdenture after 3 months healing period. Overdenture fracture was evaluated for the next 12 month after implant loading.Results: Only two overdentures from the conventional overdenture group (group A) experienced fracture at area near to the abutment. Chi-square test indicted that, there is no significant differences in the fracture incidence between the study groups after 12 months observation period (P> 0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of overdenture fractures was not significantly different between overdentures constructed by CAD/CAM or conventional heat curing techniques. When fractures take place, they tended to be in areas close to the abutment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the changes of surface roughness and hardness of conventional heat-cured (CHC) and CAD/CAM PMMA after immersion in alkaline peroxide chemical denture cleansers (DC), simulating one -year of use.Materials and Methods: 30 specimens of CHC, and another 30 specimens of CAD/CAM PMMA were divided into three groups (n= 10), each were immersed in two commercially available alkaline peroxide DC (Corega tablets and Polident tablets) as well as distilled water (control group). The mean surface roughness (R a ) of the specimens was recorded using contact stylus surface analyzer device. The surface hardness (VHN) was recorded using Vickers micro-hardness tester. Ttest for paired observation and independent samples T-test were used to indicate and compare any changes in R a and hardness between the baseline and after simulated daily immersion in DC for one-year. Results:The tested DC had no significant effect on the R a and hardness of CAD/CAM PMMA specimens. But both types of DC produced significant increase in R a and significant decrease in VHN of the CHC PMMA specimens (P < 0.05). The R a of the CAD/CAM PMMA specimens was significantly lower and the VHN was significantly higher than that of the CHC PMMA after treatment with DC. Conclusions:Alkaline peroxide DC appears not to affect the R a and hardness of CAD/CAM PMMA. Alkaline peroxide DC produced negative effect on the R a and hardness of CHC PMMA. CAD/CAM denture base resins might be considered the material of choice to produce more durable dentures.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the peri-implant marginal bone height changes in two implant retained overdentures constructed by either CAD/CAM technology or conventional processing techniques. Background:The digital denture using CAD/CAM technology has proved high beneficial to the elders and/or the compromised edentulous patient, as it can help decrease the treatment burden on the patient by reducing the clinical procedures, number of visits, treatment time, and incurred costs. Materials and Methods:Twenty completely edentulous patients participated in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups of patients (Group A and group B). Group A patients received complete dentures constructed by conventional heat cured technique. Group B patients received complete dentures constructed by CAD/CAM technology. All the patients received two root form implants bilaterally in the canine regions following delayed loading protocol. Locator attachment was then used to retain the overdenture after 3 months healing period. Marginal bone height was radiographically evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months after implant loading.Results: There was a significant loss in marginal bone height around the supporting implants in each study group. However, no significant differences in marginal bone height were recorded between the study groups over the observation period (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Peri-implant marginal bone height changes with overdentures fabricated by CAD/ CAM technique are not different from those changes with overdentures fabricated by a conventional heat curd technique.