Background. The association between obesity and different types of anemia remained uncertain. The present study aimed to assess the relation between obesity parameters and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia and also megaloblastic anemia among Iranian population.Methods and Materials. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1252 patients with morbid obesity that randomly selected from all patients referred to Clinic of obesity at Rasoul-eAkram Hospital in 2014. The morbid obesity was defined according to the guideline as body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 40 kg/m 2 . Various laboratory parameters including serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were assessed using the standard laboratory techniques.Results. BMI was adversely associated with serum vitamin B12, but not associated with other hematologic parameters. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 9.8%. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was independent to patients' age and also to body mass index. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was totally 20.9%. According to the multivariable logistic regression model, no association was revealed between BMI and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia adjusting gender and age. A similar regression model showed that higher BMI could predict occurrence of vitamin B12 deficiency in morbid obese patients.Conclusion. Although iron deficiency is a common finding among obese patients, vitamin B12 deficiency is more frequent so about one-fifth of these patients suffer vitamin B12 deficiency. In fact, the exacerbation of obesity can result in exacerbation of vitamin B12 deficiency.

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Background. Recent biochemical and physiological investigations have focused on the fundament of mood disorders in thyroid dysfunction. The present study aimed to address depressive disorder in a sample of Iranian hypothyroid women compared to euthyroid individuals.Methods. Thirty consecutive hypothyroid female patients aged 25 to 40 years who referred to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran within a four-month period in 2015 were assessed. Thirty healthy euthyroid subjects matched for sex, age, and educational level were selected as the control. For assessment of depression status, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was employed.Results. The study showed higher mean depression score in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid ones (13.8 ± 9.5 versus 5.8 ± 5.2, p = 0.010). No significant association was revealed between mean depression score and patients' education level (p = 0.627), age (p = 0.967), occupation status (p = 0.211), and marital status (p = 0.556).Conclusion. Hypothyroid women are predisposed to depressive symptoms independent of their baseline demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Background: Considering the importance of providing vitamins and minerals in body health, it obviously seems to be necessary to assess the deficiencies of these nutrients in obese patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin B12 in a sample of Iranian population with morbid obesity. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1252 consecutive patients with morbid obesity referred to obesity clinic at Rasoul-e-Akram hospital from 2009 to 2015 in Tehran, IR Iran. Morbid obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 40 kg/m 2 . Serum hemoglobin level (gr/dL) was measured using the cyan methemoglobin method. Serum

Many observations showed that hypercholesterolemia can disrupt immune response. Statin drugs that were used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia patients can interfere in the regulation of the immune response and cytokine secretion. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the immune response among treatment-naïve patients with hypercholesterolemia and healthy subjects. The secondary goal of the study was to determine whether atorvastatin can reverse the detrimental effect of hypercholesterolemia on the immune system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 50 patients afflicted with hypercholesterolemia who were treatment-naïve along with 50 sex/age-matched hypercholesterolemia patients receiving atorvastatin, and 50 sex/age-matched healthy subjects. Quantitative PCR and ELISA methods were used for gene and protein expression analysis of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 related cytokines. Additionally, the expression of the cluster of differentiation (CD) markers on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells was measured by flow cytometry method. The results showed that hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin down-regulated the expression of Th1-related cytokines and elevated the levels of Th2-related cytokines. The expression of cell surface markers, CD25 and CD69, was significantly decreased in the treatment-naïve, and atorvastatin groups. It seems that atorvastatin is not able to repair the deleterious effects of hypercholesterolemia on the immune system. Moreover, elevated levels of cholesterol along with the administration of atorvastatin tilt the Th1/Th2 balance in favor of Th2 and reduce T cell activation.

Introduction: Klinefelter syndrome is a disorder of chromosomes in which common karyotype is (47XXY). Hypogonadism, gynecomastia and azoospermia could be detected in this syndrome. Decreased basal metabolic rate and interest in activities, loss of muscle mass, weight gain, the deficiency of sex hormone and mood changes cause obesity which cause morb obese in this case. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old morbid obese (BMI = 60.40) male was come to the Laporoscopy research center of Iran University of Medical science at 26 January 2016. He was diagnosed as Klinefelter syndrome by genetic testing (47XXY karyotype). He reported suffering from knee cellulitis, headache, low back pain and varices. His nutrition habits was fast eating, Sweet eating and Snack eating. The beginning of his obesity was in his childhood. The best treatment for his obesity and its side-effects is altering in his life style, low calorie diet. Finally, if these methodes fail to lose weigth, bariatric surgery is suggested. Conclusions: In morbid obese patients apporopriate diet, change in calorie intake and life style should be considered as a first line of treatment and finally, surgery may be an option to treat obesity. These two methodes can often help reduce the risk of other diseases (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea) that are associated with severe obesity.