Isatin is a heterocyclic nitrogen compound that has attracted much interest in recent years due to its diverse biological and pharmacological activities. It can be used in many medical and biological applications, such as antidiabetic, antibiotic, and anticancer agents. The isatin molecule can also be prepared from different substrates by various methods, such as the methods of Sandmeyer, Stolle, Gassman, Meanwell and Hewawasam and others. On the other hand, the isatin molecule can undergo various chemical reactions, such as oxidation, Friedel-Crafts reaction, ring expansion, aldol condensation, and alkylation reactions. As a result of these reactions, several biologically useful biomolecules are formed, including 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins and others. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the synthetic methods of the isatin molecule and its derivatives and to examine the various chemical reactions it undergoes. In addition, a list of some of the recently documented biological activities of isatin derivatives was compiled, such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, anticancer, and other properties.
In spite of phenobarbital has been used in various medical fields as hypnotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants, it also contains active functional groups that can be reacted to form other products as dyes, polymers, antimicrobial and anti-antioxidants agents. A series of barbituric acid derivatives containing 1,2,3,4-Tetrazoline moiety were synthesized from phenobarbital. Phenobarbital 1 as raw starting material was reacted with acrylonitrile compound to give diacetonitrile derivative 2, this compound was treated in two ways, urea and thiourea to form barbituric acid derivatives containing oxadiazole and thiadiazole ring 3, 4 respectively. The Schiff bases derivatives 5, 6 (a-c) were synthesized from reacting the latter compounds with three aromatic aldehydes. In the final step, the barbituric acid derivatives containing 1,2,3,4Tetrazoline moiety 7, 8 (a-c) were prepared by cycloaddition reaction between different Schiff bases derivatives and sodium azide. The compounds were characterized by Melting point, 13 C-NMR, 1 H-NMR and FTIR techniques. Also, the result compounds were tested against two kinds of bacteria and two kinds of fungi. Most of the prepared derivatives were showed a high and clear effect against different types of bacteria and fungi. Molecular docking of final barbituric acid derivatives 7, 8 (a, b) were investigated with Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD).
Most of the flavors depend on natural spices to add distinctive flavors, odor, and colors to snack foods, in addition to the many uses of spices in medicine fields, cosmetics, and perfumes. A group of six new food flavors was prepared from vinegar and herb flavor powder. The prepared flavors were based on vinegar liquid as a basic raw material for these flavors with a group of natural herbs as mint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, parsley, and dill. Some physicochemical properties of the prepared flavors were measured as moisture%, Ash %, pH, and total acidity %, in addition to the microbial test. The prepared products were of high quality regarding properties, taste, color, and flavor.
Due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, the demand for hand sanitizers has increased dramatically. This led to a global scarcity of sterilizers. Therefore, this study was performed to produce and evaluate the effectiveness of new commercially available, cheap and ethanol-free hand sanitizers from various sources. The new hand sanitizers were prepared by mixing (glycerin) as a moisturizer and (carbomer) as thickening agents to form the gel with (tri-ethanolamine base) as pH neutralizer and (Tea tree oil, Aloe vera extract or Povidone 10%) respectively as antiseptic agents. All prepared hand sanitizers were examined with four kinds of bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) And two kinds of fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus). The prepared hand sanitizer gels showed good sterilization efficacy and similar to commercially prepared hand sanitizers (70% ethanol).
Barbiturates, which are derived from the medically significant substance barbituric acid also known as malonylurea or 4-hydroxyuracil, are employed as anaesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and depressants of the central nervous system. In recent years, researchers have paid great attention to compounds and derivatives of barbituric acid, although the first barbituric acid was discovered in 1864 by Adolf Von Baeyer. Due to its great medical and biological importance and wide applications in polymerization catalysts, plastics and textiles, aqueous or oil inks, and polymers. The background, reactions, and methods of preparing barbituric acid have been studied over the last ten years.
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of some new barbituric acid derivatives from sulfadiazine. A reaction of sulfadiazine with chloroacetyl chloride gave 2-chloro-N-(4-(N-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfamoyl) phenyl) acetamide [A] which was reacted with thiourea and K 2 CO 3 to give thiazole derivative [B]. Schiff base compounds [Sh 1-Sh 3 ] were prepared from condensation of thiazole derivative with different aromatic benzaldehydes. Then, addition reaction of acetyl chloride to Schiff bases afforded new tertiary amides compounds [D 1-D 3 ]. The latter compounds were allowed to react with 1, 3-bis (hydroxyl methyl) barbituric acids derivatives [E 1-E 2 ] via Williamson reaction to form new barbituric acid derivatives [F 1-F 3 ] and [G 1-G 3 ]. Thin layer chromatography, melting points, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C-NMR) techniques confirmed formation of the prepared compounds. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized compounds were assayed against three different types of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and against two types of fungi Aspergillus flavus and Candida Albicans. Biological applications of the synthesized compounds showed a greater effect on antimicrobial activities than the standard.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.