Global Tuberculosis (TB) control is facing major challenges such as occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR). The current TB drugs are getting less effective and associated with side effects limiting their use, especially with MDR and XDR infected patients. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used against various diseases including bacterial infections. The study aimed at studying the antimycobacterial activities of 60 extracts from 22 Malian medicinal. The antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was assessed employing micro-broth dilution method. Out of 60 extracts evaluated, eleven from nine different plants were found to be active against H37Rv strain. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranked from 125 μg/mL to 1250 μg/mL. The most active extracts (125 μg/mL) were represented by ethanolic extract of Saba senegalensis and Vitellaria paradoxa leaves, dichloromethane extract of Cola cordifolia leaves, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana roots. Ethanolic extract of Zizyphus mauritiana, Guiera senegalensis and methanolic extract of Anthocleista djalonensis also prevented the growth of H37Rv at 250 μg/mL. The results suggest that Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola cordifolia, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana could be potential sources of antimycobacterial molecules
The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of medicinal plants on two models of inflammation. Subacute toxicity was assessed by daily oral administration of 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). Subacute inflammation and arthritis were induced using the carrageenan air pouch granuloma model and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) respectively. After 28 days of administration, the combination at 2000 mg/kg proved to be non-toxic and induced a significant reduction (p<0.05) in transaminases and total cholesterol. The combinations C3 (150 mg/kg of T. macroptera + 250 mg/kg of X. americana), C2 ((250 mg/kg of T. macroptera + 150 mg/kg of X. americana) and C1 (250 mg/kg of T. macropteria + 250 mg/kg of X. americana) inhibited fresh granuloma formation by 40.37, 45.63 and 58.32% and dry granulomas by 47.77, 55.08 and 61.24% respectively. The combinations significantly (p<0.001) reduced air pouch fluid volume and massive leukocytes infiltration compared with the control group. With regard to the anti-arthritic effect, the combination C1 showed significant inhibition (p<0.05) of primary and secondary lesions compared with the control CFA. The increase in serum ALT, AST and uric acid concentrations observed in the CFA control group was significantly reduced (p<0.001) by the combination C1. An antioxidant effect was observed with the administration of the combination C1 and prednisone, which resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01) in GSH, SOD and catalase activity and a decrease in MDA concentration (P<0.001) compared with the CFA control group.The results suggest that the combination C1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects and prevents oxidative stress in arthritic rats.
Inflammation is the reaction of the immune system to an external or internal aggression of the organism. The symptoms (redness, edema, heat and pain) are secondary to the increase in vascular permeability. The hydroethanolic extract of and has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The aim was to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts alone and in combination. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using the carragenan-induced paw edema and the type of interactions between the two extracts was determined by the combination index and on the isobologram. Acetic acid-induced torsion and Haffner's tail clamp test were performed to evaluate the analgesic activity. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, a and extracts showed a percentage of inhibition of 57.02% and 56.53% respectively. The Median-Effective Dose of combination 2 (174.02 mg/kg) was better than that of combination 1 (186.03 mg/kg). The combination index and isobologram indicated a synergistic interaction between the constituents of the two combinations. The extract of , and the combination at the dose of 500 mg/kg reduced the number of twists by 46.42; 50.17 and 65.53% respectively. The central analgesic response of the combination was maximal (37.36 ± 8.15 seconds) 60 min after administration. The extracts alone showed anti-inflammatory activity and the combinations showed a synergy of effects. The combination showed peripheral and central analgesic effects.
Traditional healers combine four medicinal plants (Cochlospermum tinctorium, Terminalia macroptera, Leptadenia hastata and Commiphora Africana to treat hepatitis in Burkina Faso. The aimed was to evaluate the hepato-curative activity of lyophilized aqueous decoction (LAD) and hydroethanolic macerate (LHM) of plant extracts on CCl4-induced hepatitis in rats. We assessed the acute toxicity and scavenging activity of the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hepato-curative activity study included nine groups with five rats each. We used rats as followed: group 1 as neutral controls, group 2 as negative controls, and the other groups were experimental groups. Rats in groups 2-9 received a single dose (1 mL/kg) of CCl4 in intraperitoneal injection to induce hepatitis. We fed orally the rats for seven consecutive days with sylimarin in group 3, LAD and LHM respectively in groups 4-6 and groups 7-9 by 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg/day. This study revealed LAD and LHM had a LD50> 2000 mg/kg and both showed radical-scavenging properties with IC50= 5.95 and 8.66 µg/mL respectively. All experimental rats regardless of the treatment group showed a significantly reduced plasma transaminases level as compared to negative controls. LAD and LHM at 400, 200 mg/kg significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Histologically, treated rats showed normal to almost normal liver in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the controls. Conclusion: LAD and LHM decreased liver enzyme and allowed a dose-Dependent liver damage recovery after CCl4-induced hepatitis in rats.
Background: Pregnancy is a critical stage in a woman life, and the use of drugs, especially antibiotics calls for concern. The service and choice of antibiotics during pregnancy depends mainly on maternal factors such as health, nutrition, and socio-economic status, as well as the mode of delivery. This study was aimed to assess antibiotic use among pregnant women according to the Food and Drug Administration categorization of drugs based on their risk in pregnancy. Methods: The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional survey. The sampling consisted of all prescriptions for pregnant women with at least one antibiotic drug and recorded in a registry.
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