Medication-related adverse events or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful events caused by medication. ADRs could have profound effects on the patients’ quality of life, as well as creating an increased burden on the healthcare system. ADRs are one of the rising causes of morbidity and mortality internationally, and will continue to be a significant public health issue with the increased complexity in medication, to treat various diseases in an aging society. This was a prospective and observational study conducted in medicine department of sagar hospital, Bengaluru. Patients were enrolled based on the criteria with a suitable statistical tool. Among 64 patients, 33 (51.6%) female and 33 (48.44%) were males found. ADRs were more in the age group of 41 – 60, 32 (50%), less in the age group is 0 – 20, 04 (6.25%). Significantly higher numbers of ADRs caused by the antibiotics 25 (39%) followed by antihyperlipidicmic and anti-arrythmic 01 (1.56%), Most of the ADRs were moderate 40 (62.5%) and sever 01 (1.56%) in nature. Most commonly affected organ is dermatological system 32 (50%). Majority of the ADRs were associated with antibiotics. Commonly skin related ADRs was found in this study. The results provided an insight to the Health care Providers on the importance of monitoring and reporting of ADRs. Our study results emphasize a need for establishing a pharmacovigilance centre to ensure the safe use of drugs.
Antibiotics are anti-infective agents produced from natural sources, whereas antimicrobial agents are generated through chemical synthesis. It was a prospective and observational study and was conducted in the medicine, OBG, and urology departments in Sagar Hospitals. The study was conducted over a period of 18 to 20 months. Among 542 participants, 325 (60%) were males, while 217 (40%) were females. The frequency of patients surviving different hospital departments was 416 (76.6%), and they survived the medicine department. Moreover, the urology department had 80 (14.8%) patient visits, while in the obstetrics and gynaecology departments, only 46 (8.5%) patients visited. It was found that the percentage and order of various micro-organisms isolated as Neisseria meningitides 20 (3.7%) and a lesser number of organisms were found in K. Pneumonia 01 (0.2%), respectively. The cephalosporin class of drugs is commonly prescribed in empirical and prophylactic therapy because they are more effective in infectious diseases Furthermore, 36 patients out of 542 had drug interactions; quinoline derivatives, such as Ciprofloxacin, typically have a higher number of drug interactions. Among 542 patients, 38 had severe drug reactions in that most of the reactions were dermatological reactions caused by cephalosporin drugs. Most of our physicians prescribed based on patient characteristics and behaviors, and the recovery rate was also good. In our study, we observed common outcomes of DIs, such as increased theophylline toxicity and digoxin toxicity, increased laboratory values, and also reduced some drugs' effectiveness. Correlations of drug and disease characteristics were found more in ciprofloxacin drugs.
Objectives: This research aimed to assess and evaluate pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy treatments in orthopaedic disorders. Methods: This was a prospective and observational study which was performed on 122 subjects in the orthopaedic department. Study was assessed and evaluated by suitable statistical tools. Results: The maximum age distribution seen was more than 50 years old. Most of the subjects diagnosed with 34.5% of arthritis with frequently prescribed drugs were analgesics, opioid's, NSAID's, anti-inflammatory, calcium supplements, Vitamin and mineral supplements. In this treatment, non-pharmacotherapy was advised along with pharmacotherapy. Among 122 subjects, 85.2% were shown to have "Recovered", in which a 71.3% recovery rate was observed with adherence to both pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy compared with individual therapies. In this study, 142 potential drug-drug interactions were monitored with their comorbidity conditions. Conclusion:The study reveals that due to an increase in age, changes in lifestyle habits lead to more bone-related problems, which further lead to difficulty in doing their daily activities. The majority of issues in orthopaedic management include both pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to both treatments to improve the quality of life and daily living. We can reduce the incidence rate by advising people to do regular exercise with a balanced diet, exposure to sunlight which helps to strengthen the bones and muscles.
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